Cold Atoms and Molecules

Description

This book introduces the preparation, measurement and properties of ultra-cold atoms and molecules at a level accessible to advanced undergraduate students or for researchers approaching the subject from different specialities. Including a review of cooling techniques, the book focuses on the behaviour and applications of both ultra-cold atoms and molecules, and how they are shaping research in atomic physics, quantum optics, condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics, quantum information processing, quantum simulators and finding applications in ultra-high-precision atomic clocks and quantum metrology. Readers of this text should develop an understanding of the techniques used to cool, trap, manipulate and perform measurements on ultra-cold atoms and molecules, as well as how such systems are in being used in a range of exciting areas of modern physics. Key Features Provides an accessible overview for advanced undergraduate students or for researchers approaching the subject from different specialities. Extensive coverage encompassing preparation, properties and applications Includes references to key papers Mathematical appendices PRELIMS.pdf Preface Acknowledgements Author biography Masatoshi Kajita CH001.pdf Chapter 1 Gaseous atoms or molecules: what happens at ultra-low temperature? 1.1 Why do gaseous atoms and molecules float? 1.2 Is transition to liquid or solid phase always possible? 1.3 Special characters of cold atoms and molecules in gaseous state 1.3.1 Precise measurement of transition frequencies using cold atoms and molecules 1.3.2 Character of a wave References CH002.pdf Chapter 2 Role of laser light to search the structure of atoms and molecules 2.1 Fundamental of quantum mechanics 2.2 Structure of the hydrogen atom 2.3 Energy structures of diatomic molecules 2.4 Search of energy structure of atoms and molecules using lasers 2.4.1 Fundamental of lasers 2.4.2 Laser spectroscopy 2.4.3 Measurement of light frequency using a frequency comb 2.4.4 Precise measurement of H 1s–2s transition frequency 2.4.5 Wavelength of laser light as the length standard References CH003.pdf Chapter 3 Physics of cold atoms (neutral, ion) 3.1 How can we get cold atoms? 3.1.1 Doppler laser cooling 3.1.2 Other laser cooling to get lower kinetic energy than Doppler limit 3.1.3 Evaporative cooling 3.2 Atomic interferometry 3.3 Cold atomic collision 3.4 BEC and Fermi degeneracy 3.5 Quantum entangled state 3.6 Precise measurement of atomic transition frequencies 3.6.1 Measurement of Cs hyperfine transition frequency 3.6.2 Measurement of atomic transition frequencies in the optical region 3.6.3 Search of the variation in the fine structure constant 3.6.4 Confirmation of the gravitational red shift 3.6.5 Confirmation of the CPT symmetry 3.6.6 Confirmation of quantum electrodynamics using highly charged ion 3.7 BEC of positronium References CH004.pdf Chapter 4 Physics of cold molecules? 4.1 Difference of experimental technology between atoms and molecules 4.2 Production of ultra-cold molecules bonding two ultra-cold atoms 4.2.1 Photo-association 4.2.2 Feshbach resonance 4.3 Deceleration of molecules 4.3.1 Buffer gas cooling 4.3.2 Filtering slow molecules 4.3.3 Stark deceleration 4.3.4 Laser cooling 4.3.5 Evaporative cooling 4.3.6 Sympathetic cooling 4.3.7 Optoelectrical Sisyphus cooling 4.4 Precise measurement of the molecular transition frequencies 4.5 New physics from precise measurement of molecular transition frequencies 4.5.1 Search for the variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio 4.5.2 Search for the gravitational effect at the micro-scale 4.5.3 Search of the electric dipole moment of electron (eEDM) 4.5.4 Symmetry violation of chiral molecules 4.6 Bose–Einstein condensation and Fermi degeneracy of molecules 4.7 Chemical reaction of cold molecules References CH005.pdf Chapter 5 Applications of cold atoms and molecules 5.1 Quantum computer 5.2 Precise measurement of position 5.3 Measurement of the gravitational potential difference 5.4 Contribution of atomic clocks for astronomy and very long baseline interferometry 5.5 Establishment of a national standard time using atomic clocks with cold atoms 5.6 Atomic magnetometer 5.7 Chemical analysis of unknown materials References CH006.pdf Chapter 6 Conclusion 6.1 Conclusion APP1.pdf Chapter APP2.pdf Chapter APP3.pdf Chapter APP4.pdf Chapter APP5.pdf Chapter APP6.pdf Chapter APP7.pdf Chapter