Lithium-ion and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Fundamentals to performance

Description

This research text explores the fundamentals, working mechanisms, electrode materials, challenges, and opportunities for energy storage devices of Lithium-ion and Lithium-sulfur battery technology. It introduces the components and specifications for energy storage devices and the requirements of each component for ideal electrochemical performance. The book presents the features, advantages, disadvantages, and efforts made to enhance the performance of each class of material used in Lithium-ion and Lithium-sulfur batteries. Electrochemical performance of different classes of material is discussed throughout as well as the recent trends in material development and technology in the field. This research text is useful to graduate students, industry professionals in energy, nanoscience, material science, and automobile industry for e-vehicles. Key features: Provides all fundamentals of lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur battery technology. Requirements of each component ideal for electrochemical performance will be detailed. Features, advantages, disadvantages, and efforts to enhance perforce of each class of material used will be provided. Discusses recent trends and future technological applications. Cover Half Title Lithium-ion and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Fundamentals to performance Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgments Author biography Abbreviations Symbols Units 1. Fundamentals and perspectives of lithium-ion batteries 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Battery types and history 1.2.1 Primary batteries 1.2.2 Secondary batteries 1.2.3 Historical milestones in the development of batteries 1.3 Fundamentals of ECCs and battery metrics 1.3.1 Components of ECCs 1.3.2 What makes an anode (−ve) and a cathode (+ve) 1.3.3 Some battery terminology 1.3.4 Performance measuring key battery attributes 1.4 Lithium-ion battery 1.4.1 Importance of lithium metal in battery technology 1.4.2 Components of a LIB 1.4.3 Battery charging and discharging process 1.4.4 Driving force for the moment of lithium ions in a LIB 1.4.5 Fundamental principle of LIB electrochemistry 1.5 The pros and cons of LIBs 1.6 Overview of the LIB assembly process 1.7 Classification of LIBs by configuration 1.8 Frequently explored materials in LIB components 1.9 Future strategies for creating next-generation LIBs References 2. Positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Components and their role in LIBs 2.3 Interphases in Li-ion batteries 2.3.1 Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) 2.3.2 Cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) 2.4 Criteria for selection of the cathode material 2.5 Active cathode materials for LIBs 2.6 Ionic conductivity in the most common intercalation type cathodes 2.7 Recent advances in active cathode materials 2.7.1 LiCoO2 (LCO)-based positive electrode material 2.7.2 LiNiO2 (LNO)-based positive electrode material 2.7.3 LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, (NCA) based positive electrode material 2.7.4 LiMnO2 (LMO) based positive electrode material 2.7.5 Nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) based positive electrode material 2.7.6 Spinel LiMn2O4-based positive electrode material 2.7.7 Olivine LiFePO4-based positive electrode material 2.7.8 Other phosphates with an olivine structure as the cathode for LIBs 2.7.9 Iron and vanadium based fluorophosphates as cathode materials 2.7.10 Polyoxyanion compounds (silicates): Li2MSiO4-based cathode materials 2.8 Summary References 3. Fundamentals and perspectives of lithium–sulfur batteries 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Fundamentals of lithium–sulfur batteries 3.2.1 Cell configuration of LiSBs 3.2.2 Working principle of LiSBs 3.3 LiSB components and commonly used materials 3.4 Challenges for LiSBs [21, 29–31, 49–53] 3.5 Efforts to overcome the challenges of LiSBs 3.6 Opportunities for future outlook 3.7 Summary References 4. Host materials for sulfur cathodes in lithium–sulfur batteries 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Prerequisite of cathodes in LiSBs 4.3 Anchoring approaches toward sulfur species 4.3.1 S fixing 4.3.2 S capturing 4.4 Cathode materials for LiSBs 4.5 Carbon-based host materials for sulfur cathodes 4.5.1 Nanoporous carbon 4.5.2 Engineered hierarchical nanoporous carbon 4.5.3 One-dimensional CNT and CNF based cathodes 4.5.4 Graphene-based materials as sulfur hosts 4.6 Transition metal compounds for sulfur cathodes 4.6.1 Metal oxide based host materials for a sulfur cathode 4.6.2 Metal sulfide based host materials for a sulfur cathode 4.7 Other emerging materials as sulfur hosts for cathodes 4.7.1 Metal carbides, nitrides, and phosphides 4.7.2 MXenes 4.7.3 Metal–organic frameworks 4.8 Summary References