Language Contact and Language Conflict

Description

The selected articles compiled in the present volume are based on contributions prepared for the 17th International L.A.U.D. (Linguistic Agency University of Duisburg) Symposium held at the University of Duisburg on 23-27 March 1992. The 13 papers in this book focus on problems and issues of intercultural communication. The first part is devoted to theoretical aspects related to the interaction of language and culture and deals with the issue from anthropological, cognitive, and linguistic points of view. Part II raises issues of language policy and language planning such as the manipulation of language in intercultural contact; it includes case studies pertaining to multilingual settings, for example in Africa, Australia, Melanesia, and Europe. The volume opens with a foreword by Dell H. Hymes. LANGUAGE CONTACT AND LANGUAGE CONFLICT Title page Copyright page Table of contents List of contributors Foreword Introduction Part I: Theoretical orientations: The interaction of language and culture Radical cultural difference: Anthropology's myth? Notes References Culture, cognition, and grammar 1. General considerations 1.1. Locus of language and culture 1.2. A cyclic model 1.3. Degrees of dependence 1.4. Overlap vs. inclusion 2. Linguistic structure 2.1. Lexicon and grammar 2. 2 Culture in grammar 3. Summary Bibliography Areal influence on grammaticalization 1.Introduction 2. Comparative constructions 2.1. Event schemas 2.2. Propositional structures 3. Areal characteristics 4. Conclusions Notes References 'Cultural scripts': A new approach to the study of cross-cultural communication 1. Introduction 2. Introducing cultural scripts 2.1. Linguistic evidence for cultural norms: The Japanese particle 2.2. Linguistic evidence for cultural norms: English tag questions 2.3. Disagreement Polish style: Preference for the acute angle 3. Conclusion Notes References Language and cross-cultural communication 1. Introduction 2. Cultural interference in communication 3. Verbal communication and cultural conflict 4. Implications of intercultural communication References Communication disruptions: On benefits and disadvantages of language contact 1. Multiculturality 1.1. The present state of multicultural affairs 1.2. Interculturality as biography 1.3. History of migration 2. Language contact 2.1. Between euphoria and isolation 2.2. A short typology of language contact 2.3. Some consequences of language contact 3. Identity and loss 3.1. Language functions 3.2. Language contact - too much to expect? 4. Disruption and integration Notes References Part II: Case studies: The manipulation of languagein intercultural contact European languages in African society and culture: A view on cultural authenticity 1. Introduction 2. A theoretical perception on language and society 2.2. A notion of cultural authenticity 3. Cultural structures and language behaviour 4. 'Indigenization' of English and French as creation of open structures 4.1. The authentic roles of English and French in a historical process 5. Conclusion References The context of language planning in Africa: An illustration with Nigeria 1. Introduction 2. Language planning decisions 3. Types of context germane to language planning decisions in Africa 3.1. The language context 3.2. The socio-political context 3.3. The psychological context 3.4. The administrative/political context 3.5. The educational context 3.6. General trends in language planning policy options in multilingual nations 3.7. Some traits of a forward-looking language planning policy for a multilingual context 4. Conclusion Notes Bibliography A prognosis for language management in the Third Republic 1. Language planning models and modules 2. The use of surveys 3. The triglottic configuration 4. Projection of language use 4.1. Public utilities 5. Language and the states 6. Local government areas 7. Prognosis of language development, beyond 1992 and the Third Republic Notes Bibliography Revalorizing the autochthonous languages of Africa 1. The problem 2. Why should the autochthonous languages be promoted? 3. Do African leaders support the revalorization of the autochthonous languages? 4. How should the autochthonous languages be revalorized? 4.1. Revalorization - a definition 4.2. Status planning 4.3. Corpus planning 4.4. Summary 5. Problems with language revalorization in African states 6. Conclusion Notes Bibliography Cultural variation in the interrelation of speech acts and turn-taking 0. Introduction 1. The Data 1.1. 1.2. 2. The 'paradigms' 3. Speech acts 4. Turn-taking Notes References Intercultural contact and communication in South-east Papua New Guinea 1.1. Introduction 1.2. The area 2. Pre-colonial period 2.1. Strategy 1: the use of non-verbal communication 2.2 Strategy 2: learning one another's languages 2.3. Strategy 3: the use of a third common language as lingua franca 2.4. Strategy 4: the development of an auxiliary language as lingua franca 3. Colonial period 4. Post-colonial period 5. Conclusion Notes References Towards an independent and ethnically pure Flanders 1. Another break-through of the extreme right in Flanders 2. Confusion on all sides 3. One's own people first, and the migrants out 4. Figures concerning foreigners in Flanders 5. Belgium, the arch-enemy 6. Epilogue Bibliography Subject Index