2D Monoelemental Materials (Xenes) and Related Technologies: Beyond Graphene

Description

Monoelemental 2D materials called Xenes have a graphene-like structure, intra-layer covalent bond, and weak van der Waals forces between layers. Materials composed of different groups of elements have different structures and rich properties, making Xenes materials a potential candidate for the next generation of 2D materials. 2D Monoelemental Materials (Xenes) and Related Technologies: Beyond Graphene describes the structure, properties, and applications of Xenes by classification and section. The first section covers the structure and classification of single-element 2D materials, according to the different main groups of monoelemental materials of different components and includes the properties and applications with detailed description. The second section discusses the structure, properties, and applications of advanced 2D Xenes materials, which are composed of heterogeneous structures, produced by defects, and regulated by the field. Features include: Systematically detailed single element materials according to the main groups of the constituent elements Classification of the most effective and widely studied 2D Xenes materials Expounding upon changes in properties and improvements in applications by different regulation mechanisms Discussion of the significance of 2D single-element materials where structural characteristics are closely combined with different preparation methods and the relevant theoretical properties complement each other with practical applications Aimed at researchers and advanced students in materials science and engineering, this book offers a broad view of current knowledge in the emerging and promising field of 2D monoelemental materials. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Editors List of Contributors Chapter 1 Structure and Classification of 2D Monoelemental Materials (Xenes) 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Factors of 2D Xenes’ Structures 1.2.1 Symmetry 1.2.2 Allotropes 1.2.3 Orbital Hybridization 1.3 The Classification of 2D Xenes 1.3.1 Group 1.3.2 Group 1.3.3 Group 1.3.4 Group 1.4 Summary and Perspectives References Chapter 2 Basic Structures, Properties, and Applications of Group IIIA 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Borophene 2.2.1 Basic Structures and Properties 2.2.2 Synthesis and Applications 2.3 Aluminene 2.3.1 Structure and Properties 2.3.2 Synthesis and Application 2.4 Gallenene and Indiene 2.4.1 Structure 2.4.2 Generality and Individuality 2.4.3 Synthesis and Application 2.5 Summary Reference Chapter 3 Group IVA of 2D Xenes materials (Silicene, Germanene, Stanene, Plumbene) 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Silicene 3.2.1 Atomic Structures of Silicene 3.2.2 Basic Properties of Silicene 3.2.3 Preparation of Silicene 3.2.3.1 Epitaxial Growth of Silicene 3.2.3.2 Chemical Exfoliation of Silicene 3.2.4 Application of Silicene 3.2.4.1 Batteries 3.2.4.2 Field Effect Transistor 3.2.4.3 Gas Sensors 3.3 Germanene 3.3.1 Atomic Structures of Germanene 3.3.2 Basic Properties of Germanene 3.3.3 Preparation of Germanene 3.3.4 Applicaton of Germanene 3.3.4.1 Batteries 3.3.4.2 Optoelectronics 3.4 Stanene 3.4.1 Atomic Structures of Stanene 3.4.2 Basic Properties of Stanene 3.4.3 Preparation of Stanene 3.4.4 Applicaton of Stanene 3.4.4.1 Batteries 3.4.4.2 Potassium Storage 3.4.4.3 Gas Sensors 3.5 Plumbene References Chapter 4 Group VA of 2D Xenes Materials (Phosphorene, Arsenene, Antimonene, Bismuthene) 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Structures and Fundamental Properties of Group VA 2D Xenes Materials 4.2.1 The Crystal Structure 4.2.2 Fundamental Properties 4.2.2.1 Electronic Properties 4.2.2.2 Optical Properties 4.2.2.3 Thermal Properties 4.3 Preparation of Group VA 2D Xenes Material 4.3.1 Top-down 4.3.2 Bottom-up 4.4 Applications of Group VA 2D Xenes Materials 4.4.1 Electronic Devices 4.4.2 Optoelectronics Devices 4.4.3 Energy Conversion and Storage 4.4.4 Biomedicine 4.5 Summary References Chapter 5 Group VIA of 2D Xenes materials 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Tellurene 5.2.1 Crystal Structure of Tellurene Allotropes 5.2.2 Synthesis Methods 5.2.2.1 Molecular Beam Epitaxy 5.2.2.2 Physical and Chemical Vapor Deposition 5.2.2.3 Mechanical and Liquid-Phase Exfoliation 5.2.3 Physical Properties 5.2.3.1 Mechanical Properties 5.2.3.2 Electronical Properties 5.2.3.3 Thermoelectric Characteristics 5.2.3.4 Ferroelectric Properties 5.2.4 Device Applications 5.2.4.1 Photodetector 5.3 Selenene 5.3.1 Crystal Structure of Selenene Allotropes 5.3.2 Preparation Methods 5.3.3 Physical Properties 5.3.4 Device Applications 5.4 Summary and Perspectives References Chapter 6 Heterostructures Based on 2D Xenes Materials 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Synthesis Methods of 2D Xene Heterostructures 6.3 van der Waals Heterostructure 6.3.1 Group IVA 6.3.1.1 Graphene-Based Heterostructures 6.3.1.2 Silicene-Based Heterostructure 6.3.1.3 Germanene-Based Heterostructure 6.3.1.4 Stanene-Based Heterostructure 6.3.2 Group VA 6.3.2.1 Phosphorene-Based Heterostructures 6.3.2.2 Arsenene-Based Heterostructures 6.3.2.3 Antimonene-Based Heterostructures 6.3.2.4 Bismuthene-Based Heterostructure 6.3.3 Group IIIA 6.3.3.1 Boronene-Based Heterostructure 6.3.3.2 Aluminene-Based Heterostructure 6.3.4 Group VIA 6.3.4.1 Tellurene-Based Heterostructure 6.4 Lateral Heterostructure 6.5 Conclusion References Chapter 7 Defective 2D Xenes materials 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Classification and Introduction of Xenes Defects 7.2.1 Intrinsic Defects 7.2.2 Impurity Defects 7.2.3 Introduction of Defects 7.3 Optoelectronic Properties and Applications of Defective Xenes 7.3.1 Group IIIA of Defective 2D Xenes Materials 7.3.2 Group IVA of Defective 2D Xenes Materials 7.3.3 Group VA of Defective 2D Xenes Materials 7.3.4 Group VIA of Defective 2D Xenes Materials 7.4 Optoelectronic Applications of Defective Xenes 7.5 Summary and Perspectives References Chapter 8 2D Xenes Materials under Different Field Actions 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Modulation of Properties in 2D Materials 8.3 2D Xenes Materials under Strain 8.4 2D Xenes Materials under Electric Field 8.5 2D Xenes Materials under Magnetic Field 8.6 Summary References Index