More than Medicine: The Broken Promise of American Health

Description

tanford’s pioneering behavioral scientist draws on a lifetime of research and experience guiding the NIH to make the case that America needs to radically rethink its approach to health care if it wants to stop overspending and overprescribing and improve people’s lives. American science produces the best—and most expensive—medical treatments in the world. Yet U.S. citizens lag behind their global peers in life expectancy and quality of life. Robert Kaplan brings together extensive data to make the case that health care priorities in the United States are sorely misplaced. America’s medical system is invested in attacking disease, but not in addressing the social, behavioral, and environmental problems that engender disease in the first place. Medicine is important, but many Americans act as though it were all important. The United States stakes much of its health funding on the promise of high-tech diagnostics and miracle treatments, while ignoring strong evidence that many of the most significant pathways to health are nonmedical. Americans spend millions on drugs for high cholesterol, which increase life expectancy by only six to eight months on average. But they underfund education, which might extend life expectancy by as much as twelve years. Wars on infectious disease have paid off, but clinical trials for chronic conditions—costing billions—rarely confirm that new treatments extend life. Meanwhile, the National Institutes of Health spends just 3 percent of its budget on research on the social and behavioral determinants of health, even though these factors account for 50 percent of premature deaths. America’s failure to take prevention seriously costs lives. More than Medicine argues that we need a shakeup in how we invest resources, and it offers a bold new vision for longer, healthier living. Cover......Page 0 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 Introduction......Page 12 1. Let’s Be Average......Page 20 2. Research Promise and Practice......Page 40 3. Mistaking the Meaning of Health......Page 69 4. Making Health Care Safe and Effective......Page 91 5. Social Determinants of Health......Page 106 6. The Act of Well-Being......Page 132 7. A Way Forward......Page 152 Appendix......Page 180 Notes......Page 186 Acknowledgments......Page 220 Credits......Page 224 Index......Page 226