Legal Rights of Individuals with Disabilities

Description

Preliminary Pages......Page 2 Preface......Page 4 Acknowledgments......Page 5 About the Editors......Page 6 About the Authors......Page 7 Table of Contents......Page 10 Table of Exhibits......Page 12 Employment Discrimination......Page 14 (a) The ADA Amendments Act of 2008......Page 16 § 1.2.2 G.L. c. 151B......Page 17 § 1.2.3 The Rehabilitation Act of 1973......Page 18 § 1.3 SUITS AGAINST STATE EMPLOYERS......Page 19 § 1.4.1 Interpretation of the ADA......Page 20 § 1.5.1 Discrimination Claims......Page 21 § 1.5.2 Reasonable Accommodation Claims......Page 25 § 1.5.3 Retaliation Claims......Page 26 § 1.5.4 Disability Harassment Claims......Page 27 § 1.6.1 Mitigating Measures......Page 28 (a) Working As a Major Life Activity......Page 29 § 1.6.3 Substantial Limitation......Page 31 § 1.6.4 Temporary Impairment......Page 32 § 1.6.5 Alcohol or Drug Addiction and Exceptions to Definition of Disability......Page 33 § 1.6.6 Record of Impairment......Page 34 § 1.6.7 Persons Regarded As Having a Disability......Page 35 § 1.6.8 Associational Discrimination......Page 36 § 1.7.1 Job-Related Requirements of the Position......Page 37 § 1.7.2 Essential Functions of the Position......Page 38 § 1.7.3 Does the Employer Actually Require the Function to Be Performed?......Page 39 § 1.7.4 Would Removing the Function Fundamentally Alter the Position?......Page 40 § 1.7.5 Determining the Essential Functions of the Job......Page 41 § 1.8.1 Definition of Reasonable Accommodation......Page 43 (b) Reassignment......Page 46 (c) Leaves of Absence......Page 48 (d) Telecommuting......Page 50 § 1.8.4 Voluntary Affirmative Action Policies......Page 52 § 1.8.5 Accommodation Where Misconduct Is Involved......Page 53 § 1.8.6 Duty to Offer or Provide Reasonable Accommodation......Page 54 § 1.8.7 Interactive Process......Page 55 § 1.9 PREEMPLOYMENT INQUIRIES AND EXAMINATIONS......Page 58 (a) Misconduct......Page 62 (c) Poor Performance......Page 63 § 1.10.2 Undue Hardship......Page 64 § 1.10.3 Direct Threat......Page 65 § 1.10.5 Judicial Estoppel......Page 67 (b) Administrative Remedies......Page 69 Contact with EEO Counselor......Page 70 ALJ Hearing......Page 71 (c) Section 503 and 29 U.S.C. § 793......Page 72 Who Is Covered by the FMLA?......Page 73 § 1.12 STRATEGY TIPS FOR EMPLOYEES’ COUNSEL......Page 75 Housing Rights......Page 78 § 2.2.2 Federal Fair Housing Act......Page 82 § 2.2.5 Massachusetts Housing Bill of Rights for People with Disabilities, G.L. c. 151B......Page 83 § 2.2.9 Massachusetts Architectural Access Act......Page 84 § 2.3.2 Housing with Federal Financial Assistance......Page 85 § 2.3.4 Housing, Services, and Public Accommodations......Page 86 (c) Regarded as Having an Impairment......Page 88 (a) Use of Illegal Drugs......Page 89 § 2.4.3 Individuals with HIV or AIDS......Page 90 (a) Threats to Health and Safety......Page 91 § 2.5 ILLEGAL DISCRIMINATORY CONDUCT......Page 92 § 2.5.1 Discrimination in Rental, Leasing, and Sales......Page 93 § 2.5.3 Inquiries About Disability......Page 94 § 2.5.7 The Promise of Integration......Page 95 § 2.6.1 Overview......Page 96 § 2.6.4 Reasonableness......Page 97 § 2.6.6 Procedures for Requesting Accommodations......Page 99 (a) Physical Modifications to Existing Premises......Page 100 (c) Lease Violations, Occupancy, and Evictions......Page 101 (e) Surcharges......Page 102 § 2.7 FAIR HOUSING PLANNING IN GOVERNMENT HOUSING PROGRAMS......Page 103 § 2.8.2 Accessibility, Adaptability, and Visitability......Page 104 (b) Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Standards......Page 105 (c) Fair Housing Accessibility Guidelines......Page 106 § 2.8.3 Programs, Projects, and Dwellings......Page 107 § 2.8.4 New Housing Construction......Page 108 § 2.8.6 Planning for Access......Page 109 § 2.10 HOUSING PROGRAMS AND PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES......Page 110 (b) Federal Public and Assisted Housing......Page 111 Covered Section 8 Housing......Page 112 (c) Complaints Against HUD......Page 113 (e) Litigation to Enforce Section 504......Page 114 (c) Conciliation......Page 115 (i) Review......Page 116 (b) Investigation......Page 117 (g) Judicial Enforcement......Page 118 § 2.11.6 Massachusetts Architectural Access Law......Page 119 EXHIBIT 2A—Standard-Setting Agencies......Page 120 EXHIBIT 2B—Complaint Resolution Process......Page 121 EXHIBIT 2C—The HUD Administrative Complaint Process (for the Federal Fair Housing Act)......Page 122 EXHIBIT 2D—Chapter 151B Enforcement......Page 123 Enforcing Fair Housing Rights to Live in the Community of Choice......Page 124 § 3.2 MASSACHUSETTS LAW—G.L. c. 40A......Page 126 § 3.2.1 Educational Use......Page 127 § 3.2.3 “Reasonable Regulation” of Educational Uses Under Chapter 40A......Page 128 § 3.2.4 G.L. c. 40A, § 3, ¶ 4......Page 129 § 3.3.1 Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 as Applied to Community Residences......Page 130 (a) Facially Discriminatory Zoning Codes......Page 131 (b) Reasonable Accommodation Requirement......Page 132 (c) Family Composition Rules......Page 133 (d) Reasonable Accommodation Claims—Administrative Exhaustion Required?......Page 134 (f) Disparate Impact......Page 136 (g) Section 3617 of the FHA—Interference with a Person’s Exercise or Enjoyment of Fair Housing Rights Through the Use of Coercion, Intimidation, or Threats......Page 137 § 3.4 CONCLUSION......Page 138 EXHIBIT 3A—Legal Tools to Remove Fair Housing Barriers......Page 140 Special Education......Page 142 § 4.2.1 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Regulations......Page 148 § 4.2.4 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973......Page 149 (b) Prohibited Practices......Page 150 § 4.3.1 Free Appropriate Public Education......Page 151 (a) Court Interpretations: Rowley and its Progeny......Page 152 (b) Effective Progress......Page 153 § 4.3.2 Least Restrictive Environment......Page 154 § 4.3.3 The Right to Stay Put......Page 155 § 4.4.2 504 Plans......Page 156 § 4.4.3 Meeting Obligations in Regular Education Environment: Curriculum Accommodation Plans and Prereferral......Page 157 (a) General Principles......Page 158 § 4.4.5 Evaluation......Page 159 (b) Disability......Page 161 (d) Need for Special Education......Page 162 § 4.4.7 Eligibility Determination Process......Page 163 § 4.5.1 IEP Defined......Page 164 § 4.5.3 Procedural Guarantees......Page 165 (c) Section 3: Present Levels of Educational Performance (PLEP) B......Page 166 Behavior......Page 167 Nonparticipation Justification......Page 168 Transportation Services......Page 169 (h) Section 8: Additional Information and Response Section......Page 170 (a) Placement Process......Page 171 (d) Unilateral Placement......Page 172 (b) Special Education Surrogate Parent......Page 173 § 4.6.1 Team Meetings Defined......Page 174 (a) Team Meeting Participants......Page 175 (b) What to Bring and How to Prepare......Page 176 (b) MCAS and State- or Districtwide Assessments......Page 177 § 4.7.1 Statutory and Regulatory Provisions......Page 178 § 4.7.3 Transition Planning Form and Indicator 13......Page 180 § 4.7.4 Transition Assessments and Postsecondary Goals......Page 181 § 4.7.6 Age of Majority......Page 182 § 4.7.7 Graduation......Page 183 § 4.7.8 Chapter 688......Page 184 (a) General Principles......Page 185 (c) A Caution About Rejecting an IEP in Full......Page 186 § 4.9.1 Introduction......Page 187 § 4.9.3 Starting the Process......Page 188 First Tier: Subsection (c) Protections......Page 189 Second Tier: Subsection (d) Protections......Page 190 § 4.9.5 When the IEE Is Complete......Page 191 § 4.10.2 The BSEA’s Authority and Jurisdiction......Page 192 (b) Mediation......Page 193 (c) Advisory Opinions......Page 194 § 4.10.4 Administrative Hearings......Page 195 (a) Hearing Requests......Page 196 (b) Intervention/Joinder......Page 197 (d) Resolution Session......Page 198 (h) Motions......Page 199 (k) Evidence......Page 200 (n) Rights of Appeal......Page 201 § 4.11.1 Department of Elementary and Secondary Education’s Problem Resolution System......Page 202 § 4.11.3 SpedEx......Page 203 § 4.12.3 State Law......Page 204 Principal’s Authority to Suspend Based on a Felony Complaint......Page 205 (c) Chapter 222......Page 206 (b) Ten-Day Rule......Page 208 (c) MDR Review......Page 209 (e) “Deemed to Have Knowledge” Rule......Page 211 § 4.13.1 The Massachusetts Antibullying Law......Page 212 § 4.13.3 Investigation and Notification Requirements......Page 213 § 4.13.5 IDEA Considerations......Page 214 § 4.14.2 Current Law......Page 215 § 4.14.4 What If My Client Was Improperly Restrained or Secluded?......Page 216 § 4.15.1 Rosie D. and the Children’s Behavioral Health Initiative......Page 217 (c) Assistive Technology......Page 218 § 4.15.3 Education Services in Home or Hospital......Page 219 EXHIBIT 4A—Special Education Eligibility Flow Chart......Page 222 EXHIBIT 4B—Sample IEP......Page 224 EXHIBIT 4C—Evaluation Consent Form......Page 233 EXHIBIT 4D—Placement Consent Forms......Page 234 EXHIBIT 4E—Transition Planning Form......Page 236 EXHIBIT 4F—688 Referral Form......Page 238 EXHIBIT 4G—Indicator 13......Page 239 EXHIBIT 4H—IEP Transition Guidance*......Page 243 EXHIBIT 4I—Sample MDR Form......Page 254 Vocational Rehabilitation Services and Other Work-Related Issues*......Page 256 § 5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 258 (a) Analysis......Page 259 (b) Definitions......Page 260 § 5.2.2 Determining Eligibility, Order of Selection, and Necessary Rehabilitation Services......Page 261 § 5.3 INDIVIDUALIZED PLAN FOR EMPLOYMENT......Page 262 § 5.3.1 Informed Choice......Page 263 § 5.4.1 Required Services......Page 264 § 5.4.2 Assistive Technology......Page 266 § 5.4.3 Postemployment Services......Page 267 § 5.6 EMPLOYMENT OUTCOME STANDARD......Page 268 § 5.6.1 Rehabilitation Services Policy Directives......Page 269 § 5.6.2 Integration Requirements......Page 270 § 5.7.2 Sources of Law......Page 271 § 5.7.4 Common Violations......Page 272 § 5.7.6 State Claims......Page 273 (a) ADA Claims......Page 274 (c) Changes in Federal Law......Page 275 § 5.9 VR SERVICES FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION STUDENTS IN TRANSITION......Page 277 § 5.9.1 Transition Obligations Under the Rehabilitation Act......Page 278 § 5.10 APPEAL AND HEARING RIGHTS......Page 279 § 5.10.2 Due Process Procedures......Page 280 § 5.11.1 Underlying Legislation......Page 282 § 5.11.2 One-Stop Career Centers......Page 283 § 5.11.3 Required Partners......Page 284 EXHIBIT 5A—Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Key Statutorily Required Implementation Dates for Programs Administered by the Department of Labor*......Page 286 EXHIBIT 5B—Offices of the Massachusetts Rehabilitation Commission......Page 288 EXHIBIT 5C—Excerpt from DOL Application Form Showing Reporting of Subminimum Wages......Page 292 Health-Care Access: MassHealth, Medicare, and Mental Health Parity......Page 294 § 6.2 MASSHEALTH AND OTHER STATE PROGRAMS......Page 298 Disability Determinations......Page 299 (b) MassHealth CommonHealth for Adults and Children......Page 300 (e) MassHealth Limited......Page 302 (a) Assets......Page 303 (b) Income......Page 304 (d) “Grandfathering” Rules for Certain Former SSI Recipients......Page 305 (a) Application Process......Page 306 (b) Retroactive Coverage......Page 308 § 6.3.2 Benefits......Page 309 (b) Payer of Last Resort......Page 310 (d) Estate Recovery and Liens......Page 311 (b) Children (Younger Than Twenty-two Years of Age)......Page 312 (c) Prior Approval......Page 313 Prior Approval—Personal Care Services......Page 314 Prior Approval—Home Health Agency Services......Page 315 (a) Mandatory Managed Care......Page 316 § 6.3.6 One Care (Accountable Care Demonstration Project)......Page 317 § 6.3.7 Home and Community-Based Waivers......Page 319 § 6.4.1 How to Request a Fair Hearing......Page 323 § 6.4.2 Grounds for Appeal......Page 324 (c) Dismissal of Untimely Appeals......Page 325 (b) Submitting Documents......Page 326 (a) Conduct of the Hearing......Page 327 (c) Time Standards......Page 328 § 6.4.9 Judicial Review......Page 329 (b) Medicare Part B......Page 330 § 6.5.2 Medicare Organization......Page 331 § 6.5.3 Medicare Eligibility......Page 332 (c) Open Enrollment Periods......Page 333 § 6.5.6 Equitable Relief......Page 334 (c) National Coverage Determinations......Page 335 (e) Medicare Advantage Plan Coverage Decisions......Page 336 (g) Coverage for Home Health Care......Page 337 § 6.5.8 Acute Hospital Observation Status......Page 340 (a) Parts A and B Appeals......Page 341 Standard and Expedited Appeal Processes......Page 342 Standard Appeal Process......Page 343 Effectuation of Medicare Advantage Organization Appeal Decisions......Page 344 Expedited Process......Page 345 § 6.5.12 Medicare as Secondary Payer......Page 346 (a) Federal......Page 347 (b) Massachusetts......Page 348 (a) Remaining Gaps......Page 349 (b) Enforcement......Page 350 EXHIBIT 6A—Information on CommonHealth Deductible......Page 351 EXHIBIT 6B—2015 Medicare Part B Income-Related Premiums and Part D Income-Related Premium Adjustments......Page 353 EXHIBIT 6C—Medicare Part D Cost Sharing for 2015......Page 354 EXHIBIT 6D—Comparison of the Parts A, B, C, and D Appeals Processes......Page 355 EXHIBIT 6E—The 2015 QMB, SLMB, and QI Programs......Page 356 Ensuring Equal Access to Public Services, Programs, and Activities......Page 358 § 7.2.1 Title II of the ADA......Page 360 § 7.2.3 Massachusetts Public Accommodations Law......Page 361 § 7.2.5 Amendment Article 114 and the Massachusetts Equal Rights Law......Page 362 § 7.3.1 Disability......Page 363 § 7.3.2 Qualified Individual with Disability......Page 365 § 7.4.1 General Nondiscrimination Mandate......Page 366 § 7.4.3 Integration Mandate......Page 367 § 7.4.4 Reasonable Modification of Policies, Practices, and Procedures......Page 368 § 7.4.5 Retaliation or Coercion......Page 369 § 7.4.6 Communications Access......Page 370 § 7.4.9 New Construction......Page 371 § 7.4.12 Program Access......Page 372 § 7.4.14 Employment......Page 373 § 7.4.16 Public Transportation......Page 374 § 7.5.1 Direct Threat......Page 375 § 7.5.4 Sovereign Immunity......Page 376 § 7.6.3 Grievance Procedure and Transition Plan......Page 378 § 7.7.1 Title II of ADA and Section 504......Page 379 § 7.7.4 Amendment Article 114 and Massachusetts Equal Rights Act......Page 380 EXHIBIT 7A—Summary of Laws Prohibiting Discrimination*......Page 382 Ensuring Equal Access to Public Accommodations......Page 384 (a) Americans with Disabilities Act......Page 388 (a) Massachusetts Public Accommodations Law......Page 389 (b) Amendment Article 114......Page 390 § 8.2.3 Local Law......Page 391 § 8.3.2 General Prohibitions......Page 392 § 8.3.3 Specific Prohibitions......Page 393 (b) Disability......Page 394 (c) Facility......Page 398 (d) Place of Public Accommodation; Public Accommodation; Private Entity; Public Entity......Page 400 (e) Readily Achievable......Page 402 § 8.3.7 Meaning of General Prohibition......Page 403 § 8.3.10 Retaliation......Page 404 § 8.3.12 Smoking......Page 405 § 8.4.1 Limits on Eligibility Criteria......Page 406 § 8.4.2 Modifications in Policies, Practices, or Procedures......Page 407 (a) Service Animals......Page 408 (b) Educational Institutions......Page 409 § 8.4.3 Auxiliary Aids and Services......Page 410 § 8.4.4 Removal of Barriers; Alternatives to Barrier Removal......Page 412 § 8.4.5 Seating in Assembly Areas......Page 413 § 8.4.6 Examinations and Courses......Page 414 § 8.4.8 Mobility Devices......Page 415 (b) Alterations......Page 416 Historic Preservation......Page 417 § 8.5.1 Direct Threat......Page 418 § 8.5.2 Safety Requirements......Page 419 § 8.5.4 Fundamental Alteration......Page 420 § 8.5.5 Undue Burden......Page 421 § 8.5.6 Not Readily Achievable......Page 422 (b) Arbitration......Page 423 (d) Standing......Page 424 (f) Liability......Page 425 § 8.6.2 State Law......Page 426 § 8.6.3 Certification of State Laws or Local Building Codes......Page 427 § 8.7 USING THE LAW: PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO PROBLEM SOLVING ON DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION ISSUES......Page 428 (c) Starwood Hotels......Page 429 (f) Daycare/Camp Diabetes Cases......Page 430 (a) LeLacheur Park in Lowell, Massachusetts......Page 431 (b) Royal Plaza Hotel......Page 432 EXHIBIT 8A—Summary of Laws Prohibiting Discrimination*......Page 434 Access to Transportation......Page 436 § 9.2.1 General Nondiscrimination Provisions......Page 438 (c) Service Animal......Page 439 (c) Wheelchair Lifts......Page 440 (a) Newly Constructed and Altered Facilities......Page 441 (a) Vehicles......Page 442 § 9.3.7 Enforcement......Page 443 (a) In General......Page 444 (d) Cruise Ships and Other Passenger Vessels......Page 445 § 9.5.1 Nondiscrimination Requirements......Page 446 § 9.5.4 Enforcement......Page 447 § 9.6.2 Obtaining a Disability Plate or Placard......Page 448 Involuntary Civil Commitment......Page 450 § 10.1 INTRODUCTION—A BRIEF HISTORY OF CIVIL COMMITMENT IN MASSACHUSETTS......Page 452 § 10.3.1 Overview of Standards......Page 454 § 10.3.3 Likelihood of Serious Harm......Page 455 § 10.4 EMERGENCY COMMITMENT......Page 456 § 10.5 VOLUNTARY AND CONDITIONAL VOLUNTARY ADMISSION......Page 457 § 10.6 INVOLUNTARY CIVIL COMMITMENT......Page 458 § 10.7 CRIMINAL COMMITMENT AND COMMITMENTS TO BRIDGEWATER STATE HOSPITAL......Page 460 § 10.8 8B ROGERS PETITIONS......Page 462 § 10.9 COMMITMENT APPEALS......Page 463 § 10.11 INVOLUNTARY COMMITMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM OR SUBSTANCE ABUSE......Page 464 Rights in Inpatient Mental Health Settings......Page 466 § 11.1 Introduction......Page 468 § 11.2.1 DMH Inpatient Facilities......Page 469 § 11.2.3 Inpatient Child and Adolescent Programs......Page 470 § 11.3 Sources of Legal Rights......Page 471 § 11.3.3 Agency Regulations......Page 472 § 11.3.5 DMH Policies......Page 473 § 11.3.6 Federal Statutes......Page 474 § 11.4 Legal Status and Its Impact on Rights......Page 475 § 11.4.2 Voluntary and Conditional Voluntary Status......Page 476 § 11.4.4 “Criminal” Commitment Status and Hospitalization for Evaluation Related to Criminal Charges......Page 477 § 11.5.1 Constitutional Rights Involving Treatment......Page 478 Periodic Review......Page 479 Participation in Treatment......Page 480 (b) Transfers......Page 481 (c) Discharge......Page 482 § 11.6.1 Informed Consent Generally......Page 483 § 11.6.3 Incompetency and Substituted Judgment......Page 484 § 11.6.4 Emergency Exceptions to the Right to Refuse Treatment......Page 485 § 11.7.1 Initial Order and Examination......Page 486 § 11.7.3 Documentation and Reporting......Page 487 § 11.7.5 Additional Protections for Minors......Page 488 § 11.7.7 Room Plans and “Time Out” Distinguished......Page 489 § 11.9 Civil Rights......Page 490 § 11.9.3 Notification of Rights and Access to Advocates......Page 491 § 11.9.4 Personal Property and Self-Expression......Page 492 § 11.9.5 Qualifications and Suspension of Rights......Page 493 § 11.10.1 Confidentiality of Communications and Privilege......Page 494 § 11.10.2 Mental Health Records......Page 495 § 11.10.3 Court Records of Examinations and Commitment Filings......Page 496 (b) Human Rights Committees......Page 497 (a) Complaint Process......Page 498 (a) Disabled Persons Protection Committee (DPPC)......Page 499 § 11.11.5 Protection and Advocacy System......Page 500 § 11.11.6 Conclusion......Page 501 Mental Health Services in the Community......Page 502 § 12.2 WHAT ARE DMH COMMUNITY SERVICES?......Page 504 § 12.3.1 Differentiating Children/Adolescents and Adults......Page 505 § 12.3.4 Clinical Criteria—What Do They Mean for Individuals with Dual Diagnoses?......Page 506 § 12.4 PREPARING AND SUBMITTING AN APPLICATION......Page 507 § 12.4.3 What Happens Next?......Page 508 § 12.5.1 Five Fundamental Rights......Page 509 § 12.5.2 Rights Pursuant to the Community Residence Tenancy Law......Page 510 § 12.5.4 Rights Regarding Restraints......Page 512 § 12.5.6 Other Legal Rights......Page 513 § 12.6 ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS AND HEARINGS......Page 514 § 12.6.2 Levels of Appeal......Page 515 § 12.7 CONCLUSION......Page 516 Advocacy for Community Services for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities......Page 518 § 13.2.1 Background......Page 520 § 13.2.2 Community-Based Setting Rule......Page 523 § 13.3 DDS OVERVIEW......Page 524 § 13.4.3 Standards for Eligibility......Page 526 Definitions and Requirements......Page 527 2014 Expansion of Eligibility for Persons with Developmental Disabilities......Page 529 (b) Special Eligibility......Page 531 (c) Childhood Eligibility......Page 532 § 13.5.1 Priorities for Children and Families......Page 533 § 13.6 THE ELIGIBILITY REPORT......Page 534 § 13.7 APPEALS......Page 535 § 13.8 INDIVIDUAL SUPPORT PLANNING......Page 537 § 13.9 TRANSFERS......Page 541 § 13.10 CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT......Page 543 § 13.11.1 General Principles......Page 544 § 13.11.2 Fundamental Protections......Page 545 § 13.11.3 Mistreatment......Page 546 § 13.11.4 Competency and Less Restrictive Alternatives to Guardianship......Page 547 § 13.11.5 The Right to Possessions and Funds......Page 548 General Principles......Page 549 Mechanical or Physical Restraint......Page 550 Restraint Forms......Page 552 Overview......Page 553 Definitions......Page 554 Limitations and Procedures......Page 557 Adult Guardianship, Conservatorship, Substituted Judgment, and Alternatives......Page 560 § 14.1 INTRODUCTION—THE DEVELOPMENT OF GUARDIANSHIP LAW IN MASSACHUSETTS AND THE MUPC......Page 562 § 14.2 STANDARDS FOR APPOINTMENT......Page 563 § 14.3.3 Medical Certificate......Page 564 § 14.3.5 Competency......Page 565 § 14.3.7 Appointment of Counsel for the Alleged Incapacitated Person; Appointment of a Guardian Ad Litem......Page 566 § 14.3.10 Hearings......Page 567 § 14.3.13 Temporary Guardianship......Page 568 § 14.3.16 Bond......Page 569 § 14.3.19 Discharge and Removal; Special Guardians......Page 570 § 14.4.1 Trusts......Page 571 § 14.4.3 Durable Power of Attorney......Page 572 § 14.5.1 The Saikewicz Case......Page 573 § 14.5.3 “No Code” or DNR Orders......Page 575 § 14.5.7 Antipsychotic Medication......Page 576 Obtaining Attorney Fee Awards......Page 578 § 15.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 580 § 15.2.1 Prevailing Without Obtaining Formal Judicial Relief—Catalyst Theory Extinguished......Page 581 § 15.2.2 Post-Buckhannon Case Law......Page 582 § 15.2.3 Prevailing by Joining Non-Fee-Generating Claims with Undecided FeeGenerating Claims......Page 583 § 15.3.2 Procedural Victories......Page 584 § 15.4 DETERMINING A REASONABLE ATTORNEY FEE UNDER THE LODESTAR METHOD......Page 585 § 15.4.1 Reasonably Expended Hours......Page 586 Fees for Work Done Under the IDEA......Page 587 Fee Claims Under the Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA)......Page 588 (a) Relevant Geographic and Practice Communities for Rate-Setting Purposes......Page 589 (c) Evidence of Market Value Rates......Page 590 § 15.5 UPWARD OR DOWNWARD ADJUSTMENTS TO THE LODESTAR......Page 591 § 15.6 RECOVERY OF LITIGATION EXPENSES AND COSTS......Page 592 § 15.7.3 Releases......Page 593 § 15.9 FEE CLAIMS UNDER MASSACHUSETTS LAW......Page 594 EXHIBIT 15A—Outline of Affidavit of Attorney Seeking Attorney Fee......Page 595 EXHIBIT 15B—Outline of Affidavit of Attorney Supporting Reasonableness of Fee Claim......Page 597 EXHIBIT 15C—Motion for Award of Attorney Fees, Litigation Expenses, and Costs......Page 599 B......Page 600 D......Page 601 G......Page 602 L......Page 603 N......Page 604 R......Page 605 T......Page 606 Z......Page 607 FEDERAL......Page 608 MASSACHUSETTS......Page 618 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES......Page 626 A......Page 630 C......Page 631 D......Page 632 F......Page 634 H......Page 635 I......Page 636 M......Page 637 P......Page 640 R......Page 641 S......Page 642 T......Page 644 V......Page 645 Z......Page 646