Specifying Systems: The TLA+ Language and Tools for Hardware and Software Engineers

Description

Spatial statistics is one of the most rapidly growing areas of statistics, rife with fascinating research opportunities. Yet, many statisticians are unaware of those opportunities, and most students in the United States are never exposed to any course work in spatial statistics. Written to be accessible to the nonspecialist, this volume surveys the applications of spatial statistics to a wide range of areas, including image analysis, geosciences, physical chemistry, and ecology. The book describes the contributions of the mathematical sciences, summarizes the current state of knowledge, and identifies directions for research Pt. I. Getting Started. 1. A Little Simple Math. 2. Specifying a Simple Clock. 3. An Asynchronous Interface. 4. A Fifo. 5. A Caching Memory. 6. Some More Math. 7. Writing a Specification: Some Advice -- Pt. II. More Advanced Topics. 8. Liveness and Fairness. 9. Real Time. 10. Composing Specifications. 11. Advanced Examples -- Pt. III. The Tools. 12. The Syntactic Analyzer. 13. The TLAT[subscript E]X Typesetter. 14. The TLC Model Checker -- Pt. IV. The TLA+ Language. 15. The Syntax of TLA+. 16. The Operators of TLA+. 17. The Meaning of a Module. 18. The Standard Modules