Capitalisms And Democracies: Can Growth And Equality Be Reconciled?

Description

This book examines steadily-growing increases in inequality within Western capitalist democracies, examining with care the differences between these democracies rooted in their culture and institutions. It highlights the differences in growth and inequalities between different countries, pointing to the role of endogenous institutions that affect social inequalities as well as the relationship between redistribution and economic growth. The book presents extensive comparative research on institutional factors such as industrial relations, welfare systems, training and innovation policies. Paying attention to diverse types of democracies and to the main features of left-wing parties, the book highlights the importance of politics, and of different types of democracies, in shaping social inequalities and diverse development paths. It will appeal to students and scholars interested in economic and labour sociology, welfare studies, comparative political economy, comparative welfare, varieties of capitalism, and comparative politics. Cover Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors Acknowledgements Introduction 0.1 The Research Questions 0.2 The Analytical Perspective 0.3 The Research Design 0.4 Politics, Policies, and Development Paths 0.4.1 The Challenges 0.4.2 The Search for Causal Factors 0.4.2.1 Regulations, Adjustments, and Paths 0.4.2.2 The Political-Institutional Framework 0.4.3 De-Regulation and “Compliant Left-Wing Parties” 0.4.4 Re-Regulation and “Resilient Parties” 0.4.5 Dualism and “left-Wing Parties at Risk” 0.5 Capitalisms and Democracies: Concluding Remarks 0.5.1 Redistribution and Growth 0.5.2 The Conditions of Inclusive Development 0.5.3 Political-Institutional Framework and Inclusive Growth 0.5.4 Convergence Or Diversity? Notes References Part I Growth and Inequalities in Advanced Democracies Chapter 1 Four Models of Growth and Inequality 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Inequality and Economic Growth: a Typology 1.3 Macro-Economic Differences Between Growth Types Notes References Chapter 2 Production Structure, Employment, and Corporate Governance 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Production Structure 2.3 Employment and Productivity 2.4 Corporate Governance and Financing Mechanisms 2.5 Corporate Governance and Development Paths 2.6 Concluding Remarks Notes References Chapter 3 Industrial Relations 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Bargaining Centralisation 3.3 Collective Bargaining Coverage 3.4 Routine Involvement of Social Partners 3.5 Trade Union Density 3.6 Collective Bargaining Effects On Income Levels 3.7 Concluding Remarks Notes References Chapter 4 Labour Market Policies 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Labour Market Policies in Different Growth Models 4.3 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 5 Welfare Systems 5.1 Introduction 5.2 An Overview 5.3 Pensions 5.4 Poverty 5.5 Family 5.6 Healthcare 5.7 Concluding Remarks Notes References Chapter 6 Education and Innovation Policies 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Education 6.3 Innovation 6.4 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 7 Political Institutions, Governments, and Parties 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Types of Democracy and Models of Growth 7.3 Government Composition 7.4 The Left in Government: Policies and Inclusion 7.5 Concluding Remarks Notes References Part II Comparative Historical Analysis Chapter 8 Industrial Relations: Representation, Inclusion, and Competitiveness 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Historical Roots of the Four Models 8.2.1 The Northern European Model of Inclusive Egalitarian Growth 8.2.2 The Dualistic Inclusive Growth Model of Continental Europe 8.2.3 The Non-Inclusive Growth Model of the Anglo-Saxon Countries 8.2.4 The Mediterranean Model of Non-Inclusive Low Growth 8.3 Industrial Relations in the 2000s 8.4 The Relationship Between Industrial Relations, Inequality and Competitiveness 8.5 New Challenges 8.6 Concluding Remarks Notes References Chapter 9 Labour Market Policies: De-Regulation, Inclusion, and Dualisation 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Changes in the 1980s and 1990s 9.2.1 The Continental and Mediterranean European Model 9.2.1.1 France 9.2.1.2 Germany 9.2.1.3 Italy 9.2.1.4 Spain 9.2.2 The North European Model 9.2.2.1 Sweden 9.2.2.2 Denmark 9.2.3 The Model of the Anglo-Saxon Countries 9.2.3.1 The United States 9.2.3.2 The United Kingdom 9.3 The 2000s 9.3.1 Sectoral Dualisation in Continental Europe 9.3.1.1 Germany 9.3.1.2 France 9.3.2 The Nordic Regime of Learnfare Flexibilisation 9.3.3 The Regime in the Anglo-Saxon Countries: De-Regulation 9.3.3.1 The United Kingdom 9.3.3.2 The United States 9.3.4 The Southern European Regime: the Two-Fold Dualisation 9.3.4.1 Italy 9.3.4.2 Spain 9.4 Concluding Remarks Notes References Chapter 10 Welfare, Social Policies, and Redistribution Models 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Changes in Policies 10.2.1 The Overall Picture 10.2.2 The 1980s: a Frozen Landscape 10.2.2.1 The Non-Inclusive Growth Model of the Anglo-Saxon Countries 10.2.2.2 The Model of Inclusive Egalitarian Growth in the Nordic Countries 10.2.2.3 The Dualistic Inclusive Growth Model of Continental European Countries 10.2.2.4 The Non-Inclusive Low Growth Model of Southern European Countries 10.2.3 The 1990s: a Decade of Change 10.2.3.1 The Non-Inclusive Growth Model of the Anglo-Saxon Countries 10.2.3.2 The Model of Inclusive Egalitarian Growth in the Nordic Countries 10.2.3.3 The Dualistic Inclusive Growth Model of Continental European Countries 10.2.3.4 The Non-Inclusive Low Growth Model of Southern European Countries 10.2.4 The New Century: an Adjustment Phase 10.2.4.1 The Non-Inclusive Growth Model of the Anglo-Saxon Countries 10.2.4.2 The Model of Inclusive, Egalitarian Growth in the Nordic Countries 10.2.4.3 The Dualistic Inclusive Growth Model of Continental European Countries 10.2.4.4 The Non-Inclusive Low Growth Model of Southern European Countries 10.2.5 The Last Decade: New Acceleration and Paradigm Shifts 10.2.5.1 The Pattern of Non-Inclusive Growth in the Anglo-Saxon Countries 10.2.5.2 The Model of Inclusive Egalitarian Growth in the Nordic Countries 10.2.5.3 The Dualistic Inclusive Growth Model of Continental European Countries 10.2.5.4 The Non-Inclusive Low Growth Model of Southern European Countries 10.3 Institutions and Politics 10.4 The Outcomes of Welfare Policies 10.5 Concluding Remarks Notes References Chapter 11 The Influence of Innovation and Education Policy On Inclusive Growth 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Nordic Countries 11.2.1 The Danish Responses to the Challenges of the 1990s 11.2.2 Innovation Policy in Sweden 11.3 The Countries of Continental Europe 11.3.1 The Great Transformation of French Innovation Policy 11.3.2 Manufacturing Innovation in Germany 11.4 Southern European Countries 11.4.1 Italy From the 1990s to the Present 11.4.2 The Steady Growth of the Spanish Innovation System 11.5 The Anglo-Saxon Countries 11.5.1 The United States 11.5.2 The United Kingdom 11.6 Education Policy 11.7 Concluding Remarks Notes References Part III Institutional Structure, Politics, and Policies Chapter 12 Processes of Political Convergence and Divergence in Advanced Democracies 12.1 Dispersions 12.2 Towards the Market 12.3 Supranational Dispersion 12.4 Subnational Dispersion 12.5 Towards Civil Society 12.6 An Internal Movement 12.7 Convergences, Divergences, and Resistance 12.8 Change, Put to the Test of the Media 12.9 Concluding Remarks Notes References Chapter 13 Social Stratification and Electoral Behaviour 13.1 Introduction 13.2 New Prerequisites for Class Politics 13.3 A New Classification Scheme 13.4 Changes in Social Stratification 13.5 How Post-Industrial Social Classes Vote 13.5.1 The “Contended” Class of Production Workers in the Post-Fordist Era 13.5.2 The New Area of Possible Influence of Left-Wing Parties: the Sociocultural (semi-)professional Class 13.5.3 The New Grey Area Between Blue-Collar and White-Collar Workers: the Service Workers 13.5.4 The Traditional Bourgeoisie: Area of Influence of Right-Wing Parties Or New Basin of the Left? 13.6 The Electoral Behaviour of the Social Classes 13.7 Changes in the Constituency of Left-Wing Parties 13.7.1 The Weight of the Production Workers Within the Left-Wing Parties’ Constituency 13.7.2 Configuration of the Coalitions Supporting Left-Wing Parties 13.8 Concluding Remarks Notes References Chapter 14 Politics and Policies of Left-Wing Parties 14.1 The Dilemmas of Left-Wing Parties 14.2 Programmatic Repositioning and Personnel Change 14.3 Institutional Set-Ups and Electoral Maximisation 14.4 Relations With Trade Unions 14.5 Left-Wing Parties and the Challenges of Change 14.6 Growth and Inclusion in Politics and Policies Index