Melioidosis - A Century of Observation and Research

Description

The information presented in this monograph is not intended to be an up to date review on melioidosis; rather, we have endeavoured to provide the reader with a comprehensive insight into what has been achieved in the last hundred years. It is considered frivolous in today's electronic age, where research excellence is judged by impact factors and citation indices, to request researchers to contribute to monographs that would be outdated even: before being ~eset. However, several investigators and c1inicians, especially those working in melioidosis-endemic regions, recognise a need for such a publication. Contents Preface............................................................................ v List of Contributors ............................................................... xii Section 1. Historical Overview ........................ "...................... 1 Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 D.A.B. Dance 1.1. An account of the discovery of a hitherto undescribed infective disease occurring among the population of Rangoon [reprinted from Indian Medical Gazette, July 1912, pages 262-267] .......................................... 4 A. Whitmore, CS Krishnaswami 1.2. Milestones in the history of melioidosis ...................................... 10 D.A.B. Dance I.3. World Melioidosis Congresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 SD. Puthucheary Section II. Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 D.A.B. Dance, S.D. Puthucheary 11.1. Melioidosis as an emerging disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 D.A.B~ Dance 11.2. fpidemiology of melioidosis in Thailand .................................... 37 S. Wongratanacheewin, S Sirisinha II.3. Epidemiology of melioidosis in Malaysia and Singapore..................... 43 SD. Puthucheary vii viii Contents lIA. Epidemiology of melioidosis in Australia and the Pacific region . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 A. C. Cheng, B.J. Currie Section III. Microbiology of Burkholderia pseudomallei ............. . . . . 57 Editorial overview ............................................................ '.. . .. 58 B.L. Govan, J.D. Boyce III.l. Molecular characterisation and classification of Burkholderia pseudomallei . 60 B.L. Govan 1II.2. The Burkholderia pseudomallei genome - an emerging model for microbial complexity and pathogen virulence .............................. 68 T. Nandi, P Tan III.3. Genomic islands in Burkholderia pseudomallei ............................. 82 A. Tuanyok IlIA. Virulence determinants in Burkholderia pseudomallei: Opportunist or accidentaI pathogen? ....................................................... 87 IR. Beacham, Y. Hara, S. Nathan, IR. Peak I1I.5. Lipopolysaccharide as a virulence factor of Burkholderia pseudomallei . . . . . 99 B. Ernst, s.p Sivalingam, G. Tan Section Iv. Clinical manifestations of melioidosis ......................... 109 Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 A. C. Cheng, B.J. Currie IV]. Clinical features of acute melioidosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 B.J. Currie, W Chaowagul, A. C. Cheng IY.2. Chronic melioidosis, relapse and latency .................................... 120 D. Limmathurotsakul, G. C.K. W Koh, s.J. Peacock, B.J. Currie IV3. Clinical risk factors for melioidosis ......................................... 130 A. C. Cheng, D. Limmathurotsakul, WJ. Wiersinga, Y. Supputamongkol, B.J. Currie IY.4. Paediatric melioidosis ....................................................... 141 P Lumbiganon, A. C. Cheng, B.J. Currie Contents ix Section V. Laboratory diagnosis and detection ............................ 147 Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 R. Norton, V. Wuthiekanun VI. Isolation and identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical samples 150 MB. Glass, A.L. Walsh V2. The serological diagnosis of melioidosis ..................................... 160 N Chantratita, G. Lertmemongkolchai, V. Wuthiekanun, R. Norton V3. The molecular detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei....................... 168 G. Lertmemongkolchai, P Khaenam, R. Norton V4. Medical imaging in melioidosis .............................................. 174 S. Ramsay Section VI. Treatment of melioidosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 181 Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 D. Lim~athurotsakul, Sil. Peacock VI.l. Parenteral antimicrobial therapy for melioidosis W Chierakul, P Chetchotisakd VI.2. Oral antimicrobial therapy for melioidiosis D. Limmathurotsakul, G. c.K. W Koh, s.J. Peacock 185 197 VI.3. Management of patients with severe melioidosis in intensive care .......... 209 T.E. West, A. C. Cheng VI.4. Management of accidentaI exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei ......... 220 SJ Peacock, BJ Currie VI.5. Mechanisms of Burkholderia pseudomallei antimicrobial resistance ........ 229 H.P Schweizer Section II. Pathogenesis and development of protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 239 Editorial bverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 WJ. Wiersinga, J.L. Morris VII.l. Models of infection ........................................................ 242 s.P Siualingam, G. C. Ulett, M Nelson x Contents VIL2. Initiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection .......................... 257 Y.H Gan, T.E. West, S. Sirisinha VII.3. Host-pathogen interactions in melioidosis............................ ..... 269 WJ Wiersinga, T. Weehuizen, K Breitbach, I. Steinmetz VIlA. Development of protection ............................................ . . . . 282 JL. Morris, KA. Hodgson, N Ketheesan VIL5. Strategies for the development of vaccines.. ........ ............. .. ... ... .. 300 R. W Titball, M Sarkar-ryson, G. Lertmemongkolchai, G.J Bancroft Section vm. Melioidosis in animaIs ........................................ 311 Editorial overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 C.M Rush VIII.!. Melioidosis in animaIs ..................................................... 313 C.M Rush, A.D. Thomas Section IX. Burkholderia pseudomallei in the environment .............. 337 Editorial overview ................................................................. 338 M Kaestli, D.M Wagner IX.!. Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei 340 T. Pearson, E.P. Priee, A. Tuanyok, P. Keim IX.2. Presence and sampling of Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil ............... 349 D. Limmathurotsakul, V. Wuthiekanun, A. Tuanyok, s.J Peacock IX.3. Burkholderia pseudomallei in water......................................... 358 T.JJ lnglis, MJ Mayo IXA. The association of Burkholderia pseudomallei with plants and mycorrhizal fungi ....................................................................... 365 A. Leuy, A. Baker IX.5. The influence of anthropogenic environmental changes upon Burkholderia pseudomallei ................................................. 371 M Kaestli, J Wamer Contents xi Section X. Other Burkholderia species ...................................... 377 Editorial overview ................................................................. 378 D. DeShazer X.l. Burkholderia thailandensis................................................... 380 J.P Audia, MN Burtnick, PJ. Brett X.2. Burkholderia mallei.......................................................... 391 D.M. Ramsey, PJ. Brett, M.N Burtnick