Adolescence

Description

Cutting-edge science personalized for today’s students.As a well-respected researcher Laurence Steinberg connects current research with real-world application helping students see the similarities and differences in adolescent development across different social economic and cultural backgrounds.Through an integrated personalized digital learning program students gain the insight they need to study smarter stay focused and improve their performance. Cover Title Page Copyright Page About the Author Brief Contents Contents A Note from the Author Preface Introduction: The Study of Adolescent Development The Boundaries of Adolescence Early, Middle, and Late Adolescence A Framework for Studying Adolescent Development The Fundamental Changes of Adolescence The Contexts of Adolescence Psychosocial Development of Adolescence Theoretical Perspectives on Adolescence Biosocial Theories Organismic Theories Learning Theories Sociological Theories Historical and Anthropological Perspectives Stereotypes Versus Scientific Study PART 1: The Fundamental Changes of Adolescence Chapter 1: Biological Transitions Puberty: An Overview The Endocrine System What Triggers Puberty? How Hormones Influence Adolescent Development Somatic Development The Adolescent Growth Spurt Sexual Maturation The Timing and Tempo of Puberty Variations in the Timing and Tempo of Puberty Genetic and Environmental Influences on Pubertal Timing The Psychological and Social Impact of Puberty The Immediate Impact of Puberty The Impact of Specific Pubertal Events The Impact of Early or Late Maturation Obesity and Eating Disorders Obesity Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, and Binge Eating Disorder Chapter 2: Cognitive Transitions Changes in Cognition Thinking About Possibilities Thinking About Abstract Concepts Thinking About Thinking Thinking in Multiple Dimensions Adolescent Relativism Theoretical Perspectives on Adolescent Thinking The Piagetian View of Adolescent Thinking The Information-Processing View of Adolescent Thinking The Adolescent Brain How Your Brain Works The Age of Opportunity What Changes in Adolescence? Implications for Adolescent Behavior Individual Differences in Intelligence in Adolescence The Measurement of IQ Culture and Intelligence Adolescent Thinking in Context Social Cognition in Adolescence Adolescent Risk Taking Chapter 3: Social Transitions Social Redefinition and Psychosocial Development The Elongation of Adolescence Adolescence as a Social Invention The “Invention” of Adolescence Emerging Adulthood: A New Stage of Life or a Luxury of the Middle Class? Changes in Status During Adolescence Drawing a Legal Boundary Inconsistencies in Adolescents’ Legal Status The Process of Social Redefinition Common Practices in the Process of Social Redefinition Variations in Social Transitions Variations in Clarity Variations in Continuity The Transition into Adulthood in Contemporary Society Special Transitional Problems of Poor and Minority Youth The Effects of Poverty on the Transition into Adulthood What Can Be Done to Ease the Transition? The Influence of Neighborhood Conditions on Adolescent Development Processes of Neighborhood Influences PART 2: The Contexts of Adolescence Chapter 4: Families Is Conflict Between Teenagers and Parents Inevitable? The Generation Gap: Fact and Fiction What Do Adolescents and Parents Usually Fight About? Family Relationships at Adolescence A Time of Reorganization and Change The Adolescent’s Parents at Midlife Changes in Family Needs and Functions Special Concerns of Immigrant Families Transformations in Family Relations Sex Differences in Family Relationships Family Relationships and Adolescent Development Parenting Styles and Their Effects Adolescents’ Relationships with Siblings Genetic Influences on Adolescent Development Genetic and Environmental Influences on Adolescent Development Why Are Siblings Often So Different? The Adolescent’s Family in a Changing Society Adolescents and Divorce The Specific Impact of Marital Conflict The Longer-Term Effects of Divorce Custody, Contact, and Conflict Following Divorce Remarriage Economic Stress and Poverty Special Family Forms The Importance of the Family in Adolescent Development Chapter 5: Peer Groups The Origins of Adolescent Peer Groups in Contemporary Society Changes in the Size of the Youth Population Why Peer Groups Are Necessary in Today’s World The Nature of Adolescent Peer Groups Cliques and Crowds Changes in Clique and Crowd Structure Over Time Adolescents and Their Crowds The Social Map of Adolescence Crowds as Reference Groups Adolescents and Their Cliques Similarity Among Clique Members Common Interests Among Friends Similarity Between Friends: Selection or Socialization? Popularity, Rejection, and Bullying Determinants of Popularity and Rejection Relational Aggression Bullies and Victims Cyberbullying The Peer Group and Psychosocial Development Chapter 6: Schools The Broader Context of U.S. Secondary Education The Origins of Secondary Education School Reform: Past and Present What Should Schools Teach? Education in the Inner Cities The Social Organization of Schools School Size and Class Size Age Grouping and School Transitions Tracking Ethnic Composition Alternatives to Public Schools Classroom Climate The Best Classroom Climate for Adolescents Teacher Expectations and Student Performance The Importance of Student Engagement School Violence Beyond High School The College-Bound The Non-College-Bound Schools and Adolescent Development Characteristics of Good Schools The Effects of School on Adolescent Development Chapter 7: Work, Leisure, and Media Adolescents’ Free Time in Contemporary Society Adolescents and Work The Rise and Fall of the Student Worker The Adolescent Workplace Today Employment and Adolescent Development Adolescents and Leisure Adolescents’ Free Time and Their Moods Structured Leisure Activities Unstructured Leisure Time Promoting Positive Youth Development Adolescents and Screen Time Theories of Media Influence and Use Exposure to Controversial Media Content Adolescents and Social Media Social Media and Socializing Problematic Social Media Use Free Time and Adolescent Development PART 3: Psychosocial Development During Adolescence Chapter 8: Identity Identity as an Adolescent Issue Puberty and Identity Development Cognitive Change and Identity Development Social Roles and Identity Development Changes in Self-Conceptions Changes in the Content and Structure of Self-Conceptions Dimensions of Personality in Adolescence Changes in Self-Esteem Stability and Changes in Self-Esteem Group Differences in Self-Esteem Antecedents and Consequences of High Self-Esteem The Adolescent Identity Crisis Erikson’s Theoretical Framework The Social Context of Identity Development Problems in Identity Development Research on Identity Development Determining an Adolescent’s Identity Status Studying Identity Development Over Time Identity and Ethnicity The Development of Ethnic Identity Discrimination and Its Effects Multiethnic Adolescents Identity and Gender Gender-Role Development Gender-Role Socialization During Adolescence Masculinity and Femininity Chapter 9: Autonomy Autonomy as an Adolescent Issue Puberty and the Development of Autonomy Cognitive Change and the Development of Autonomy Social Roles and the Development of Autonomy The Development of Emotional Autonomy Emotional Autonomy: Detachment or Individuation? Research on Emotional Autonomy Emotional Autonomy and Parenting Practices The Development of Behavioral Autonomy Changes in Decision-Making Abilities When Do Adolescents Make Decisions as Well as Adults? Changes in Susceptibility to Influence Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Expectations for Autonomy The Development of Cognitive Autonomy Moral Development During Adolescence Prosocial Reasoning, Prosocial Behavior, and Volunteerism Political Thinking During Adolescence Religious Beliefs During Adolescence Chapter 10: Intimacy Intimacy as an Adolescent Issue Puberty and the Development of Intimacy Cognitive Change and the Development of Intimacy Changes in Social Roles and the Development of Intimacy Theoretical Perspectives on Adolescent Intimacy Sullivan’s Theory of Interpersonal Development Interpersonal Development During Adolescence Attachment Theory The Development of Intimacy in Adolescence Changes in the Nature of Friendship Changes in the Display of Intimacy Have Social Media Hurt the Development of Intimacy? Sex Differences in Intimacy Changes in the Targets of Intimacy Friendships with the Other Sex Dating and Romantic Relationships Dating and the Development of Intimacy The Development of Dating Relationships The Impact of Dating on Adolescent Development Intimacy and Psychosocial Development Chapter 11: Sexuality Sexuality as an Adolescent Issue Puberty and Adolescent Sexuality Cognitive Change and Adolescent Sexuality Social Roles and Adolescent Sexuality Sexual Activity During Adolescence Stages of Sexual Activity Sexual Intercourse During Adolescence Changes in Sexual Activity Over Time The Sexually Active Adolescent Sexual Activity and Psychological Development Causation or Correlation? Hormonal and Contextual Influences on Sexual Activity Parental and Peer Influences on Sexual Activity Sex Differences in the Meaning of Sex Sexual Orientation Sexual Harassment, Rape, and Sexual Abuse During Adolescence Risky Sex and Its Prevention Adolescents’ Reasons for Not Using Contraception Improving Contraceptive Behavior AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases Teen Pregnancy Adolescent Parenthood Sex Education Chapter 12: Achievement Achievement as an Adolescent Issue Puberty and Achievement Cognitive Change and Achievement Social Roles and Achievement The Importance of Noncognitive Factors Achievement Motivation Beliefs About Success and Failure Environmental Influences on Achievement The Influence of the Home Environment The Influence of Friends Educational Achievement The Importance of Socioeconomic Status Ethnic Differences in Educational Achievement Changes in Educational Achievement Over Time Dropping Out of High School Occupational Achievement The Development of Occupational Plans Influences on Occupational Choices Chapter 13: Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence Some General Principles about Problems in Adolescence Most Problems Reflect Transitory Experimentation Not All Problems Begin in Adolescence Most Problems Do Not Persist into Adulthood Problems During Adolescence Are Not Caused by Adolescence Psychosocial Problems: Their Nature and Covariation Comorbidity of Externalizing Problems Comorbidity of Internalizing Problems Substance Use and Abuse Prevalence of Substance Use and Abuse Causes and Consequences of Substance Use and Abuse Drugs and the Adolescent Brain Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use and Abuse Externalizing Problems Categories of Externalizing Problems Developmental Progression of Antisocial Behavior Changes in Juvenile Offending Over Time Causes of Antisocial Behavior Prevention and Treatment of Externalizing Problems Internalizing Problems The Nature and Prevalence of Depression Sex Differences in Depression Suicide and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Causes of Depression and Internalizing Disorders Treatment and Prevention of Internalizing Problems Stress and Coping Glossary References Name Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Subject Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z