Plant Biomechanics

Description

This book provides important insights into the operating principles of plants by highlighting the relationship between structure and function. It describes the quantitative determination of structural and mechanical parameters, such as the material properties of a tissue, in correlation with specific features, such as the ability of the tissue to conduct water or withstand bending forces, which will allow advanced analysis in plant biomechanics. This knowledge enables researchers to understand the developmental changes that occur in plant organs over their life span and under the influence of environmental factors. The authors provide an overview of the state of the art of plant structure and function and how they relate to the mechanical behavior of the organism, such as the ability of plants to grow against the gravity vector or to withstand the forces of wind. They also show the sophisticated strategies employed by plants to effect organ movement and morphogenesis in the absence of muscles or cellular migration. As such, this book not only appeals to scientists currently working in plant sciences and biophysics, but also inspires future generations to pursue their own research in this area. Front Matter ....Pages i-ix Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Wood Cell Wall Structure and Organisation in Relation to Mechanics (Lennart Salmén)....Pages 3-19 Modelling, Evaluation and Biomechanical Consequences of Growth Stress Profiles Inside Tree Stems (Tancrède Alméras, Delphine Jullien, Joseph Gril)....Pages 21-48 Bending Stress in Plant Stems: Models and Assumptions (Christopher J. Stubbs, Navajit S. Baban, Daniel J. Robertson, Loay Alzube, Douglas D. Cook)....Pages 49-77 Tree Mechanics and Wind Loading (John Moore, Barry Gardiner, Damien Sellier)....Pages 79-106 Front Matter ....Pages 107-107 The Mechanics of Leaf Growth on Large Scales (Eran Sharon, Michal Sahaf)....Pages 109-126 Twisting Growth in Plant Roots (Hirofumi Wada, Daichi Matsumoto)....Pages 127-140 Plants at Bodybuilding: Development of Plant “Muscles” (Tatyana Gorshkova, Polina Mikshina, Anna Petrova, Tatyana Chernova, Natalia Mokshina, Oleg Gorshkov)....Pages 141-163 Modeling Plant Morphogenesis: An Introduction (Anne-Lise Routier-Kierzkowska, Adam Runions)....Pages 165-192 Mechanical Conflicts in Growth Heterogeneity (Nathan Hervieux, Olivier Hamant)....Pages 193-207 Folding, Wrinkling, and Buckling in Plant Cell Walls (Dorota Borowska-Wykręt, Dorota Kwiatkowska)....Pages 209-233 Structural Principles in the Design of Hygroscopically Moving Plant Cells (Rivka Elbaum)....Pages 235-246 Using Modeling to Understand the Hygromechanical and Hysteretic Behavior of the S2 Cell Wall Layer of Wood (Dominique Derome, Karol Kulasinski, Chi Zhang, Mingyang Chen, Jan Carmeliet)....Pages 247-269 Front Matter ....Pages 271-271 Calcium–Pectin Chemistry and Biomechanics: Biological Background and Mathematical Modelling (Mariya Ptashnyk, Henry R. Allen)....Pages 273-303 Cell Wall Expansion as Viewed by the Creep Method (Dmitry Suslov, Kris Vissenberg)....Pages 305-320 Tensile Testing of Primary Plant Cells and Tissues (Amir J. Bidhendi, Anja Geitmann)....Pages 321-347 Front Matter ....Pages 349-349 Water Motion and Sugar Translocation in Leaves (Tomas Bohr, Hanna Rademaker, Alexander Schulz)....Pages 351-374 Molecular Mechanisms of Mechanosensing and Mechanotransduction (Masatsugu Toyota, Takuya Furuichi, Hidetoshi Iida)....Pages 375-397 Biomechanics and Functional Morphology of Plants—Inspiration for Biomimetic Materials and Structures (Thomas Speck, Georg Bold, Tom Masselter, Simon Poppinga, Stefanie Schmier, Marc Thielen et al.)....Pages 399-433 Back Matter ....Pages 435-441