Human biology

Description

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents About the Authors Preface Readings Acknowledgments Contents CHAPTER 1 Exploring Life and Science 1.1 The Characteristics of Life 1.2 Humans Are Related to Other Animals 1.3 Science as a Process 1.4 Challenges Facing Science Unit 1 Human Organization CHAPTER 2 Chemistry of Life 2.1 From Atoms to Molecules 2.2 Water and Life 2.3 Molecules of Life 2.4 Carbohydrates 2.5 Lipids 2.6 Proteins 2.7 Nucleic Acids CHAPTER 3 Cell Structure and Function 3.1 What Is a Cell? 3.2 How Cells Are Organized 3.3 The Plasma Membrane and How Substances Cross It 3.4 The Nucleus and Endomembrane System 3.5 The Cytoskeleton, Cell Movement, and Cell Junctions 3.6 Metabolism and the Energy Reactions CHAPTER 4 Organization and Regulation of Body Systems 4.1 Types of Tissues 4.2 Connective Tissue Connects and Supports 4.3 Muscular Tissue Moves the Body 4.4 Nervous Tissue Communicates 4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects 4.6 Integumentary System 4.7 Organ Systems, Body Cavities, and Body Membranes 4.8 Homeostasis Unit 2 Maintenance of the Human Body CHAPTER 5 Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels 5.1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System 5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels 5.3 The Heart Is a Double Pump 5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System 5.5 Two Cardiovascular Pathways 5.6 Exchange at the Capillaries 5.7 Cardiovascular Disorders CHAPTER 6 Cardiovascular System: Blood 6.1 Blood: An Overview 6.2 Red Blood Cells and Transport of Oxygen 6.3 White Blood Cells and Defense Against Disease 6.4 Platelets and Blood Clotting 6.5 Human Blood Types 6.6 Homeostasis CHAPTER 7 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems 7.1 The Lymphatic System 7.2 Innate Immune Defenses 7.3 Adaptive Immune Defenses 7.4 Acquired Immunity 7.5 Hypersensitivity Reactions CHAPTER 8 Biology of Infectious Diseases 8.1 Bacteria and Viruses 8.2 Infectious Diseases and Human Health 8.3 Emerging Diseases 8.4 Antibiotic Resistance CHAPTER 9 Digestive System and Nutrition 9.1 Overview of Digestion 9.2 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus 9.3 The Stomach and Small Intestine 9.4 The Accessory Organs and Regulation of Secretions 9.5 The Large Intestine and Defecation 9.6 Nutrition and Weight Control CHAPTER 10 Respiratory System 10.1 The Respiratory System 10.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract 10.3 The Lower Respiratory Tract 10.4 Mechanism of Breathing 10.5 Control of Ventilation 10.6 Gas Exchanges in the Body 10.7 Respiration and Health CHAPTER 11 Urinary System 11.1 The Urinary System 11.2 Kidney Structure 11.3 Urine Formation 11.4 Kidneys and Homeostasis 11.5 Urinary System Disorders Unit 3 Movement and Support in Humans CHAPTER 12 Skeletal System 12.1 Overview of the Skeletal System 12.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton 12.3 Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton 12.4 Articulations 12.5 Bone Growth and Homeostasis CHAPTER 13 Muscular System 13.1 Overview of the Muscular System 13.2 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Contraction 13.3 Whole Muscle Contraction 13.4 Muscular Disorders 13.5 Homeostasis Unit 4 Integration and Coordination in Humans CHAPTER 14 Nervous System 14.1 Overview of the Nervous System 14.2 The Central Nervous System 14.3 The Limbic System and Higher Mental Functions 14.4 The Peripheral Nervous System 14.5 Drug Therapy and Drug Abuse CHAPTER 15 Senses 15.1 Overview of Sensory Receptors and Sensations 15.2 Somatic Senses 15.3 Senses of Taste and Smell 15.4 Sense of Vision 15.5 Sense of Hearing 15.6 Sense of Equilibrium CHAPTER 16 Endocrine System 16.1 Endocrine Glands 16.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 16.3 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 16.4 Adrenal Glands 16.5 Pancreas 16.6 Other Endocrine Glands 16.7 Hormones and Homeostasis Unit 5 Reproduction in Humans CHAPTER 17 Reproductive System 17.1 Human Life Cycle 17.2 Male Reproductive System 17.3 Female Reproductive System 17.4 The Ovarian Cycle 17.5 Control of Reproduction 17.6 Sexually Transmitted Diseases CHAPTER 18 Development and Aging 18.1 Fertilization 18.2 Pre-embryonic and Embryonic Development 18.3 Fetal Development 18.4 Pregnancy and Birth 18.5 Aging Unit 6 Human Genetics CHAPTER 19 Patterns of Chromosome Inheritance 19.1 Chromosomes 19.2 The Cell Cycle 19.3 Mitosis 19.4 Meiosis 19.5 Comparison of Meiosis and Mitosis 19.6 Chromosome Inheritance CHAPTER 20 Cancer 20.1 Overview of Cancer 20.2 Causes and Prevention of Cancer 20.3 Diagnosis of Cancer 20.4 Treatment of Cancer CHAPTER 21 Patterns of Genetic Inheritance 21.1 Genotype and Phenotype 21.2 One- and Two-Trait Inheritance 21.3 Inheritance of Genetic Disorders 21.4 Beyond Simple Inheritance Patterns 21.5 Sex-Linked Inheritance CHAPTER 22 DNA Biology and Technology 22.1 DNA and RNA Structure and Function 22.2 Gene Expression 22.3 DNA Technology 22.4 Genomics and Gene Therapy Unit 7 Human Evolution and Ecology CHAPTER 23 Human Evolution 23.1 Origin of Life 23.2 Biological Evolution 23.3 Classification of Humans 23.4 Evolution of Hominins 23.5 Evolution of Humans CHAPTER 24 Ecology and the Nature of Ecosystems 24.1 The Nature of Ecosystems 24.2 Energy Flow 24.3 Global Biogeochemical Cycles CHAPTER 25 Human Interactions with the Biosphere 25.1 Human Population Growth 25.2 Human Use of Resources and Pollution 25.3 Biodiversity 25.4 Working Toward a Sustainable Society Appendix A: Periodic Table of the Elements Metric System Appendix B: Answer Key Glossary Index