Tudor Government.

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BOOK COVER HALF-TITLE TITLE COPYRIGHT CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 THE PERSONAL ELEMENT IN TUDOR MONARCHY BACKGROUND NARRATIVE ANALYSIS (1): HOW IMPORTANT, AND HOW SUCCESSFUL, WAS THE ELEMENT OF FEAR IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ROYAL AUTHORITY UNDER HENRY VII? Questions ANALYSIS (2): DID EITHER SOMERSET OR NORTHUMBERLAND (15 ) SUCCEED IN SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF EFFECTIVE ROYAL GOVERNMENT… Questions SOURCES 1. HENRY VII’S USE OF BONDS AND RECOGNISANCES Source A: from Polydore Vergil’s Anglica Historia, published in 1534 Source B: from Francis Bacon’s History of the Reign of Henry VII, published in 1622. Source C: part of the recognisance made between the King and Lord Burgavenny in December 1507. Source D: from the confession and petition of Edmund Dudley, composed in the Tower of London before his execution, 1509. Source E: from a report made to the Duke of Milan, July 1496. Source F: from the eulogy delivered by Sir Thomas More upon the coronation of Henry VIII, 1509. Questions Worked answer SOURCES 2. THE QUESTION OF LEGITIMATE ROYAL AUTHORITY, 1546–53 Source G: part of the last will of Henry VIII, 30 December 1546. Source H: part of Edward VI’s Letters Patent for the Limitation of the Crown, June 1553. Source I: part of an eye-witness account written by Baptista Spinola, a Genoese merchant in London, in July 1553. Source J: part of a letter written by Elizabeth to the Duke of Northumberland, July 1553. Source K: part of the letter written by the Privy Council to Mary in reply to her claim to the throne upon the death of Edward VI, 9 July 1553. Source L: part of An Act Declaring Queen Mary Legitimate, 1553. Questions Worked answer 2 COURT AND PATRONAGE BACKGROUND NARRATIVE ANALYSIS (1): HOW DID THOMAS WOLSEY MAINTAIN HIS PRE-EMINENT POSITION IN ENGLISH POLITICS FOR SO LONG? Questions ANALYSIS (2): WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF ELIZABETH’S REIGN UPON COURT POLITICS AND PATRONAGE? Questions SOURCES 1. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THOMAS WOLSEY AND HENRY VIII Source A: from the biography of Thomas Wolsey, written by his gentleman-usher, George Cavendish. In this extract Cavendish describes the reasons for… Source B: an extract from Anglica Historia, an account of the reign by the Italian humanist Polydorc Vergil. He was a persistent enemy… Source C: from one of the many satircs that John Skelton wrote against Wolsey. Skelton, a client and protégé of the Duke of Norfolk, wonders at... Source D: from a letter written by the Venetian ambassador to the Venetian Senate, 1519. Source E: part of a letter written by Henry VIII to Wolsey, probably in 1520. Source F: Cavendish's report of a conversation between Wolsey and Sir William Kingdom, at the time of Wolsey's arrest in 1529. Questions Worked answer SOURCES 2. ELIZABETH’S STYLE IN COURT AND GOVERNMENT Source G: from Sir Robert Naunton’s Fragmenta Regalia, published in 1641. Source H: part of a letter from Sir Thomas Smith to Lord Burghley, March 1575. Source I: from an account of the English court written by Paul Hentzer, a Silesian who visited England in 1598. Source J: part of a letter from Sir Christopher Hatton to Elizabeth, written while he was away from Court on a diplomatic mission, 5 June 1573. Source K: part of a memoir written by Geoffrey Goodman, a law student, December 1588. Questions Worked answer 3 THE CENTRAL ORGANS AND OFFICES OF GOVERNMENT BACKGROUND NARRATIVE ANALYSIS (1): WHAT WAS THE IMPORTANCE AND EXTENT OF THOMAS CROMWELL’S WORK ON THE RESTRUCTURING OF TUDOR GOVERNMENT? Questions ANALYSIS (2): HOW WELL WAS MARY TUDOR SERVED BY HER COUNCILLORS? Questions SOURCES 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POST OF KING’S SECRETARY Source A: from a letter from Richard Pace, the King’s Secretary, to Cardinal Wolsey, written in 1518. Source B: from a letter from Richard Pace, King's Secretary, to Cardinal Wolsey, 29 October 1521. Pace is replying to a complaint from Wolsey… Source C: from a letter by Eustace Chapuys, the Imperial ambassador, to the Imperial Chancellor, Granvelle, 1535 Source D: from a letter to Thomas Cromwell from Sir Richard Grenville, writing from Cornwall, July 1539. Source E: part of the royal warrant for the appointment of two Principal Secretaries, 1540. Questions Worked answer SOURCES 2. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REALM UNDER MARY TUDOR Source F: part of a petition submitted to Marry by Lord Paget and the Earl of Arundel at Framlingham, July 1553. Source G: from a report by Giovanni Michieli, Venetian ambassador, to the Venetian Senate, 1555. Source H: extracts from letter written by the Imperial ambassador Simon Renard, to the Emperor Charles V. Source I: notes on the meeting of the Privy Council on 23 Feburary 1554, at which the Council appointed members to… Questions Worked answer 4 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BACKGROUND NARRATIVE ANALYSIS (1): HOW EFFECTIVELY DID THOMAS WOLSEY FULFIL HIS DUTIES AS LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND? Questions ANALYSIS (2): WAS ENGLAND A MORE LAW-ABIDING COUNTRY AT THE END OF ELIZABETH’S REIGN THAN AT THE BEGINNING? Questions SOURCES 1. WOLSEY’S EFFECTIVENESS IN THE LAW COURTS Source A: an entry in the Chronicle of Edward Hall, dated 1516. Source B: two verses about Wolsey by the satirical poet John Skelton. The first is from Colin Clout, published… Source C: letter from Thomas Wolsey to the King, written in 1517 or 1518. Source D: from a letter to Wolsey from the Bishop of Lincoln, 30 September 1528. Source E: from a report by Sebastian Giustiani, Venetian ambassador, written in 1519. Source F: from Polydorc Vergil's Anglica Historia. This extract only appeared in the third edition of the work, published in 1555. Questions Worked answer SOURCES 2. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELIZABETHAN JUSTICES OF THE PEACE IN LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT Source G: from Sir Thomas Smith's treatisc on English government, De Republica Anglorum, writteh in 1583 Source H: two pieces written by William Lambardc, a Kent JP, and author of Eireuarcha, a guide to the office of JP. From a speech made at the Kent Quarter Sessions in 1586. From an address delivered at Maidstone, 17 January 1594. Source I: part of a letter written to Lord Burghley by Edward Hext, a Justice of the Peace in Somerset, 25 September 1596. Source J: from a letter written by Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York, to Lord Burghley, 1587. Questions Worked answer 5 THE GOVERNMENT OF THE LOCALITIES BACKGROUND NARRATIVE ANALYSIS (1): HOW EFFECTIVELY WAS THE ENGLISH CROWN ABLE TO GOVERN IRELAND IN THE REIGNS OF THE FIRST TWO TUDORS? Questions ANALYSIS (2): WITH WHAT SUCCESS DID TUDOR GOVERNMENTS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY… Questions SOURCES 1. HENRY VII AND THE EARL OF KILDARE Source A: part of the instructions given to John Estrete, who travelled to Ireland in 1486 to persuade the Earl of Kildare to travel to England to… Source B: entries in the Calendar of Carew for 1487. These are entitled ‘Lambert, a boy, an organ maker’s son, crowned in… Source C: part of a letter from the ‘Lords of Ireland’ to Henry VII, concerning Henry’s request that Kildare should… Source D: part of a letter from the Earl of Kildare to the Earl of Ormond, in which Kildare complains… Source E: an extract from The Book of Howth. It deals with the Earl of Kildare’s summons to London in August 1496 to answer charges relating to his… Source F: an extract from the Irish chronicle, Annals of the Four Masters, describing a campaign against Irish chieftains… Questions Worked answer SOURCES 2. THE ELIZABETHAN POOR LAWS Source G: from an Act for the Relief of the Poor, 1563, the first Elizabethan Poor Law. Source H: from an Act for the Punishment of Vagabonds and for the Relief of the Poor and Impotent, 1572, the second Elizabethan Poor Law. Source I: from an Act for the Setting of the Poor on Work, 1576, the third Elizabethan Poor Law. Source J: from an Act for the Relief of the Poor, the Poor Law of 1601. Source K: part of a census on poor relief conducted in Sheffield, January 1615. Questions Worked answer 6 THE ROLE OF PARLIAMENT BACKGROUND NARRATIVE ANALYSIS (1): WHAT ROLE DID PARLIAMENT PLAY DURING THE REIGNS OF THE FIRST TWO TUDORS? Questions ANALYSIS (2): DID THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF PARLIAMENT WITHIN THE GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM CHANGE… Questions SOURCES 1. THE AUTHORITY OF PARLIAMENTARY STATUTE Source A: from Christopher St German, A Dialogue Betwixt a Doctor of Divinity and a Student in the Laws of England, 1530. Sir Thomas More speaking at his trial in 1534, as reported by William Roper in his Life of Sir Thomas More. Source C: the Pilgrimage of Grace. From the interrogation of Robert Aske in the aftermath of the Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536. Part of Henry VIII’s answer to the demands put forward by the rebels involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace, November 1536. Source D: part of a letter from Simon Renard to Charles V in which the ambassador recounts a conversation with Lord Paget on the subject of the succession in the… Source E: from Sir Thomas Smith, De Republica Anglorum, 1565. Questions Worked answer SOURCES 2. PREROGATIVE AND PRIVILEGE IN ELIZABETH’S PARLIAMENTS Source F: from the Lord Keeper's speech in reply to the Speaker's petitions for the customary libertics and privileges of the House of Commons, January 1559. Source G: from the Lord Keeper’s speech at the opening of Parliament, 1592. Source H: from Paul Wentworth’s Questions on Privilege, November 1566. Source I: account from the Journal of the House of Commons of a speech by Peter Wentworth in the Parliament of 1576. Source J: from the Journal of All the Parliaments during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, describing incidents in the Parliament of 1587. Questions Worked answer 7 GOVERNMENT OF THE CHURCH SOURCES 1. RELATIONS BETWEEN THE CROWN AND THE CHURCH Source A: from a bull of Pope Innocent VIII for publication in the Province of Canterbury, 1490. Source B: an extract from The Great Chronicle of Londan describing trials held in the aftermath of the Stanley Conspiracy in 1495. Source C: from a letter written by the Milancse ambassador in England to Ludovico Sforza, ruler of Milan, September 1497. Source D: from the records of the Convocation of Canterbury, January-February 1489. Source E: part of a speach delivered by Henry VIII at Baynard's Castle in London, in 1515. In the speach, Henry refuses to refer… Source F: from the oath of fealty taken by Charles Booth upon his enthronement as Bishop of Hereford, April 1516. Source G: from the Act in Restraint of Appeals, 1533. Questions Worked answer SOURCES 2. THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE ELIZABETHAN RELIGIOUS SETTLEMENT Source H: part of the Act of Uniformity, 1559. Source K: from a report to the Privy Council on the state of religion in Lancashire and Cheshire, 1591. Source I: from the confession of a participant in the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 1569, dated April 1570. Source J: from a report by Bishop Barlow of Chichester on the state of religion in his diocese, 1569. Source K: from a report to the Privy Council on the state of religion in Lancashire and Cheshire, 1591. Source L: from a letter written by the Bishop of Peterborough to Lord Burghley, complaining of Protestant… Source M: from a letter from Archbishop Grindal to the Queen on the subject of preaching and prophesyings, December 1576. Source N: the Three Articles of Archbishop Whitgift, 1583. Questions Worked answer 8 FINANCE BACKGROUND NARRATIVE ANALYSIS (1): CAN EITHER WOLSEY OR CROMWELL BE SAID TO HAVE SOLVED THE FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF THE ENGLISH CROWN? Questions ANALYSIS (2): WERE THE FINANCES OF THE CROWN ANY HEALTHIER AT THE END OF ELIZABETH’S REIGN THAN AT THE BEGINNING? Questions SOURCES 1. HENRY VIII: FINANCING AN EXTRAVAGANT MONARCH Source A: from Hall’s Chronicle. Hall’s account of proceedings in Parliament in 1523. Source B: from Hall’s Chronicle. Hall’s account of popular reaction to the Amicable Grant of 1525. Source C: part of a state paper prepared by Thomas Cromwell in 1534. In it he proposes measures for the seizure of church… Source D: from an Act for the Dissolution of the Abbeys, May 1539. Source E: from a letter written by Lord Chancellor Wriothesley to the Privy Council, September 1545. Questions Worked answer SOURCES 2. TRYING TO BALANCE THE BOOKS IN THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH Source F: from Sir Thomas Gresham’s advice to Elizabeth on the fall of exchanges, 1558. Source G: part of a speech made by Sir Walter Mildmay to the House of Commons, 1576. Source H: from the minutes of the parliamentary deliberations over taxation, 1593. Source I: from a letter from the Council to Commissioners for the parliamentary subsidy, 26 July 1598. Source J: summary of the government’s income and expenditure in 1600, from the Calendar of State papers Domestic, Elizabeth. Questions Worked answer NOTES AND SOURCES SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX