Employment and Tourism: New Research Perspectives in the Social Sciences

Description

This book proposes a new and original analysis of tourism employment in order to understand the multiple dimensions (economic, cultural, temporal, geographical, etc.) of this cross-cutting sector. It offers an overview of French knowledge, mainly in sociology, anthropology, geography and law, in the light of singular empirical fields. The diversity of disciplinary approaches, methods and questions allows for comparisons between various segments of the tourism employment market in France and with other countries. Based on in-depth case studies, this book will be a valuable resource for students and academics who wish to understand the specificities of tourism employment and the methods for studying them, as well as for professionals in the sector and decision-makers in European tourist destinations who wish to enrich their approaches to these phenomena. Acknowledgments Contents Editors and Contributors About the Editors Contributors Chapter 1: Introduction. What Does Working in the Tourism Sector Mean? References Chapter 2: Making It Through the Tourist Season: Summer Work in Seaside Resorts 2.1 Tourism Sector Jobs: Some Contextual Data 2.2 Out of Time and out of Place 2.2.1 Stable Employment and the ‘Wage-Earning Society’ as Protective Norms 2.2.2 Age Effect, Family Life and the Structure of Seasonal Work: ‘It’s not compatible’ 2.3 ‘Passion’ as a Modality of Commitment 2.4 An Increased Social Capital and a Symbolic Economy 2.5 Conclusion References Chapter 3: Labor, Training and Careers in Tourism in Sardinia 3.1 Internships for Students at Vocational Hospitality Schools 3.2 Work Attitudes and Careers in Tourism 3.3 Conclusion References Chapter 4: Who Benefits from Tourism? The Ambiguities of Development Through Tourism for Water Sports Instructors 4.1 Introduction: Is Tourism a Boon for Water Sports and Employment? 4.2 Heightened Seasonality and Diversification of Activities: The Ambivalent Effects of Tourism on the Professional Group 4.3 Water Sports Without Instructors: Under-Recognized Working and Employment Conditions 4.4 Conclusion: The (in)Visibilization of Work and the Future of Water Sports Instructors References Chapter 5: Transformations of Employment and Employment Status, Categorization of Jobs and Competencies: A Legal Perspective on the Organization of the Job Market in the Field of Tourism and Sport in France 5.1 A Legally Structured Market 5.1.1 Guiding Principle 5.1.2 Partial Exceptions 5.2 A Legally Compartmentalized Market 5.2.1 From Compartmentalization… 5.2.1.1 The Scope of the Law Requiring the Possession of a Diploma to Supervise Physical and Sporting Activities 5.2.1.2 Diplomas Permitting Access to Supervision against Remuneration Typology of Diplomas and Titles, with an Illustration in the Field of Recreational Water Activities Substantial and Procedural Characteristics of Diplomas and Titles 5.2.2 …To Decompartmentalization 5.2.2.1 Equivalences: A Relative Decompartmentalization 5.2.2.2 Liberalization 5.3 Conclusion References Chapter 6: The Space of “Social Tourism”. Organizations, Mobilizations and Labour 6.1 At the Crossroads of Tourism and Holidays for the Underprivileged 6.1.1 The Promotion of the Sub-Category in the 1960s 6.1.2 UNAT, “the head of the network of social and solidary tourism” 6.1.3 Promoting an “Other” Kind of Tourism and the Right to Holidays 6.2 Social and Educational Intentions 6.2.1 Social Policies 6.2.2 Learning to Travel 6.2.3 Working in (Social) Tourism 6.3 Conclusion References Chapter 7: The New Configurations of Labour in the Tourism Sector: Is Entrepreneurship a Choice? 7.1 A Sudden Rise of Entrepreneurial Logics in the New Forms of Tourism Labour? 7.2 A Constrained Choice or an Affirmation of Freedom? 7.3 How the Platforms Select and Evaluate Skills 7.4 From the Personal to the Professional and Vice Versa 7.5 Conclusion References Chapter 8: The Recruitment Process in a Multinational Travel Company 8.1 Remote Pre-Recruitment: Unclogging the System 8.2 The Face-to-Face Interview: Talents in the Recruiters’ Image 8.3 Selling a Dream References Chapter 9: A (Touristic) Policy Without a Ministry? A Research Note on the Effects of Training Aid During the COVID-19 Crisis 9.1 The Crisis as a Revelator of French Tourism Policy 9.2 A Stimulus-Driven Public Policy 9.3 The Reliance on Delegation 9.4 Professional Dispositions to Perceived Aid Entitlement 9.5 A Heightened Dependence Due to the Crisis 9.5.1 Keep Going by Weathering the Storm and/or Adjusting 9.5.2 Claim Eligibility 9.5.3 Prepare Bureaucratic Applications 9.6 Training Aid as a Selection of the Survivors 9.7 Conclusion: State Aid as a Means to Reconfigure the Tourism Offer References Chapter 10: Conclusion: Employment and Training in the COVID-19 Era: The Case of France 10.1 An Unprecedented Crisis in a Distinctive Sector 10.2 The Training-Employment Relationship in the Tourism Sector 10.3 An Acceleration of the Digital Transition and of Emerging Developments 10.4 Wide Gaps in the Uses of Public Aid Schemes 10.5 An International Impact References