Reclaiming Byzantium: Russia, Turkey and the Archaeological Claim to the Middle East in the 19th Century

Description

There is a long-held feeling in Russia that Moscow is the true heir to the Christian Byzantine Empire. In 1894, Imperial Russia opened one of the world’s leading centres for Byzantine archaeology in Istanbul, the Russian Archaeological Institute – its purpose was to stake the claim that Russia was the correct heir to ‘Tsargrad’ (as Istanbul was referred to in Russian circles). This then is the history of that institute, and the history of Russia’s efforts to reclaim its Middle East – events since in the Crimea, Syria and Georgia are all to some extent wrapped up in that historical framework. Ure looks at the founding of the Russian Archaeological Institute, its aims and its place in the ‘digging-race’ which characterised the late Imperial phase of modern history. Above all she shows how the practise of history has been used as a political tool, a form of “soft power”. This book will appeal to Byzantine scholars and archaeologists as well as historians of Russia in the late 19th century Cover Half Title Title Copyright Dedication Contents Acknowledgements Introduction: Regenerating distant past Nationalist and Imperialist uses of ancient history in the 19th century 1 Double-headed eagle flying over Russia: Russian appreciation of the Byzantine heritage 1.1 Fyodor Ivanovich Uspenskii: The making of a Russian Byzantinist 1.2 The development of archaeology and Byzantine studies in the Russian Empire 1.3 From Russian to Ottoman shores: The attraction of the Black Sea as a repository of Byzantine monuments 1.4 The image of Byzantium in Russian thought in the late 19th century Conclusion 2 Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire: Cultural property as a symbol of sovereignty 2.1 Byzantine studies in the Ottoman Empire Conclusion 3 At the intersection of science and politics: Russian Archaeological Institute in the Ottoman Empire 3.1 Russians in the Holy Land: Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society 3.2 The establishment of the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople 4 Expeditions of the Russian Archaeological Institute and contacts with Ottoman authorities 4.1 Studies in Istanbul Conclusion 5 On the eve of the Balkan Wars: Archaeology in the midst of political unrest 5.1 The establishment of the Slavic Department within RAIK Conclusion 6 The doom of empires: The fate of the Russian Archaeological Institute after 1914 Conclusion Conclusion Notes Introduction: Regenerating distant past Nationalist and Imperialist uses of ancient history in the 19th century 1 Double-headed eagle flying over Russia: Russian appreciation of the Byzantine heritage 2 Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire: 3 At the intersection of science and politics: Russian Archaeological Institute in the Ottoman Empire 4 Expeditions of the Russian Archaeological Institute and contacts with Ottoman authorities 5 On the eve of the Balkan Wars: Archaeology in the midst of political unrest 6 The doom of empires: The fate of the Russian Archaeological Institute after 1914 Conclusion Suggestions for further reading Bibliography Index