Thermodynamics and Applications in Hydrocarbon Energy Production

Description

This state-of-the-art guide presents a systematic methodology for applying thermodynamics principles in the many areas of the hydrocarbon energy industry. The use of thermodynamics in reservoir, transportation system, surface facility, and refinery development is covered in full detail. Advanced chapters explain leading-edge techniques, including molecular simulation. • High-quality illustrations and time-saving reference tables appear throughout • Each chapter includes examples and problems • Provides practical solutions to key engineering problems • Written by a world-renowned petroleum reservoir engineering expert A. Dedication B. About the Author C. Preface D. Acknowledgments E. Notation 1. Review of Basic Concepts in Bulk Phase Equilibrium Thermodynamics 2. General Theory of Bulk Phase Equilibria 3. Equation-of-State Representation of Fluid Phase Behavior and Properties 4. Stability and Criticality 5. Phase Equilibrium Computations 6. Theory of Irreversibility and Diffusion in Multicomponent Mixtures 7. Interfacial Thermodynamics 8. Thermodynamics of Thin Liquid Films Tools & Media figure (200) table (19) Expanded Table of Contents A. Dedication B. About the Author C. Preface D. Acknowledgments E. Notation Terms Superscripts Subscripts Symbols 1. Review of Basic Concepts in Bulk Phase Equilibrium Thermodynamics Conditions for Equilibrium Mathematical Properties of U and S Gibbs-Duhem Equation Other Fundamental Equations Internal Energy Minimum Principle Chemical Potential of a Component in a Mixture Partial Molar Quantities Fugacity Ideal and Nonideal Fluids Activity Coefficient Relation between γ_i and G^E Activity Coefficient Models Legendre Transformation Jacobian Transformation Maxwell's Relations Examples and Theory Extension Problems References 2. General Theory of Bulk Phase Equilibria Equilibrium Condition under the Influence of Gravity Equilibrium Condition for Curved Interfaces Equilibrium Condition for Charged Systems Examples and Theory Extension Problems References 3. Equation-of-State Representation of Fluid Phase Behavior and Properties EOS Representation of Volumetric and Phase Behavior Associating Species Cubic-Plus-Association Equation of State Two-Phase Isothermal Compressibility Two-Phase Isentropic Compressibility and Two-Phase Sonic Velocity Single-Phase Sonic Velocity and Temperature Change Due to Expansion Examples and Theory Extension Problems References 4. Stability and Criticality Stability Analysis and Stability Limit Criticality Analysis Alternative Approach for Critical-Point Calculation Examples and Theory Extension Problems References 5. Phase Equilibrium Computations Gibbs Free Energy Surface Analysis Tangent-Plane Distance (TPD) Analysis Stability Testing Two-Phase Split Computations Three-Phase Split Calculations Direct Minimization of Gibbs Free Energy in Multiphase Split Calculation Phase-Split Calculations in Reduced Space Critical-Point Calculation Examples and Theory Extension Problems References 6. Theory of Irreversibility and Diffusion in Multicomponent Mixtures Irreversibility in a Closed System Derivation of Diffusion Flux and Diffusion Coefficients in Multicomponent Mixtures Prediction of Past Climate Changes from Irreversible Thermodynamics Examples and Theory Extension Problems Appendix References 7. Interfacial Thermodynamics Plane Interface Curved Interface Thermodynamic Functions Effect of Curvature on Interfacial Tension Work of Cluster Formation: Single-Component Systems Cap-Shaped Clusters Derivation of the Young Equation Driving Force (Δμ) Thermodynamic Functions and Gibbs Adsorption Equation without Chemical Equilibrium Helmholtz Free Energy of an Open System Relation between μ_i′, μ_i″, μ_i^s and μ_i′, μ_i″, μ_i^s Fundamental Equation of the Interface Examples and Theory Extension Problems References 8. Thermodynamics of Thin Liquid Films Pressure Anisotropy in the Film Thin Liquid Film Work and Energy Equilibrium Conditions Film Tension Thermodynamic Functions of the Thin Liquid Film Relations between Disjoining Pressure and Contact Angle Example and Theory Extension Problems References