The Third Reich Sourcebook

Description

No documentation of National Socialism can be undertaken without the explicit recognition that the 'German Renaissance' promised by the Nazis culminated in unprecedented horror World War II and the genocide of European Jewry. With The Third Reich Sourcebook, editors Anson Rabinbach and Sander L. Gilman present a comprehensive collection of newly translated documents drawn from wide-ranging primary sources, documenting both the official and unofficial cultures of National Socialist Germany from its inception to its defeat and collapse in 1945. Framed with introductions and annotations by the editors, the documents presented here include official government and party pronouncements, texts produced within Nazi structures, such as the official Jewish Cultural League, as well as documents detailing the impact of the horrors of National Socialism on those who fell prey to the regime, especially Jews and the handicapped. With thirty chapters on ideology, politics, law, society, cultural policy, the fine arts, high and popular culture, science and medicine, sexuality, education, and other topics, The Third Reich Sourcebook is the ultimate collection of primary sources on Nazi Germany. Cover......Page 1 THE THIRD REICH SOURCEBOOK......Page 4 Title......Page 6 Copyright......Page 7 Contents......Page 8 List of Illustrations......Page 24 Preface......Page 26 List of Key Abbreviations......Page 30 PART ONE. THE BEGINNINGS OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM......Page 32 1. The Munich Years and the Legacy of the War......Page 34 1. Guidelines of the German Workers’ Party (1919)......Page 36 2. Adolf Hitler, Letter to Adolf Gemlich (1919)......Page 37 3. Wilfrid Bade, The Founding of the Party in 1920 (1933)......Page 39 4. Dietrich Eckart, Jewishness in and around Us (1919)......Page 41 5. The Program of the German Workers’ Party: The Twenty-Five Points (1920)......Page 43 6. Gottfried Feder, Manifesto for Breaking the Bondage of Interest (1919)......Page 45 7. Otto Gmelin, Prohn Fights for His People (1933)......Page 48 8. Heinrich Lersch, The German Soldier (1939)......Page 50 9. Hanns Johst, Schlageter (1933)......Page 51 10. Hans Hinkel, One of a Hundred Thousand (1937)......Page 53 11. Wilfrid Bade, The Hitler Trial (1933)......Page 58 12. Wilfrid Bade, The SA Conquers Berlin: A Documentary Report (1933)......Page 61 13. Fritz Oerter, Our Speakers in the Anti-Marxist Struggle: The Balance of an Election Year (1932)......Page 62 14. Hermann Führbach, How I Became a National Socialist (1934)......Page 66 2. Nazism in Power: 1933......Page 68 15. Walter Frank, On the History of National Socialism (1939)......Page 71 16. Oswald Spengler, The White World Revolution (1933)......Page 73 18. Joseph Goebbels, Day of Potsdam: 22 March 1933......Page 76 19. Erich Ebermayer, My Day of Potsdam: Diary Entry (1933)......Page 77 20. Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of Volk and State (1933)......Page 78 21. Anonymous, The Reichstag Fire: Declaration of Martial Law? (1933)......Page 80 22. Otto Wels, Speech against the Passage of the Enabling Act (1933)......Page 81 23. Law to Remedy the State of Emergency of Volk and Reich (1933)......Page 83 24. Law for the Restoration of Professional Civil Service (1933)......Page 84 25. Adolf Hitler, Speech to Commemorate National Labor Day (1933)......Page 85 26. Das Schwarze Korps, Second-Class Comrades? (1936)......Page 86 27. Carl Schmitt, State, Movement, Volk: The Tripartite Division of Political Unity (1933)......Page 89 28. Ernst Forsthoff, The Total State (1933)......Page 90 29. Alfred Rosenberg, The Total State? (1934)......Page 93 30. Carl Schmitt, The Führer Protects the Law: On Adolf Hitler’s Reichstag Address of 13 July 1934......Page 94 31. Hans Frank, On the Position of the Judge before National Socialist Law and in the National Socialist State (1936)......Page 98 3. The Political Religion: Führer Cult, Ceremonies, and Symbol......Page 99 32. Albert Reich, Adolf Hitler’s Homeland (1933)......Page 102 33. Baldur von Schirach, Hitler as No One Knows Him (1933)......Page 103 34. Rudolf Hess, The Oath to Adolf Hitler (1934)......Page 105 36. David Lloyd George, I Talked to Hitler (1936)......Page 108 37. Anonymous, “This Is National Kitsch!”: What the Ban on Führer Kitsch Is Supposed to Protect Us From (1933)......Page 110 38. Anonymous, City and Countryside Shine in Celebratory Splendor (1939)......Page 111 39. Engelbert Huber, The Swastika (1933)......Page 112 40. Franz Alfred Six, The Propaganda of the Street and the Masses (1936)......Page 113 41. Franz Alfred Six, The Power of the Spoken Word (1936)......Page 117 42. Erwin Schockel, Good and Bad Posters (1939)......Page 119 43. Das Schwarze Korps, With German Protestant Catholic Greetings (1935)......Page 121 44. Wilfrid Bade, The Party Rally Day of Victory: The Victory of Faith (1933)......Page 122 45. Willy Liebel, Five Years: Nuremberg, City of Party Rallies (1938)......Page 124 46. Victor Klemperer, Listening to Göring’s Speech at the 1938 Nuremberg Rally (1938)......Page 126 47. Law Concerning Holidays (1934)......Page 127 48. Hannes Kremer, New Meanings for “Inherited” Customs? (1937)......Page 128 49. Frank Leberecht, Call to the Fire (1934)......Page 131 50. Central Cultural Office, Reich Propaganda Leadership, Honoring Fallen Heroes: NSDAP Veterans’ Memorial Day Celebrations (1939)......Page 132 PART TWO. THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST WORLDVIEW......Page 136 4. Between Myth and Doctrine......Page 138 51. Adolf Hitler, The Aryan (1925)......Page 141 52. Adolf Hitler, Speech at the NSDAP Congress on Culture (1933)......Page 144 53. Ernst Krieck, The Racial-Völkisch-Political Conception of History (1934)......Page 151 54. Alfred Rosenberg, The Myth of the Twentieth Century: On the Third Edition (1930)......Page 155 55. Joseph Goebbels, Communism with the Mask Off (1935)......Page 157 56. Carl Schmitt, National Socialist Legal Thought (1934)......Page 165 57. Hans F. K. Günther, A Modest Racial Study of the German People (1929)......Page 168 59. Paul Schultze-Naumburg, Nordic Beauty: Portraits of Perfection in Life and in Art (1937)......Page 171 60. Wolf Willrich, The German Face (1935)......Page 173 61. Otto Höfler, Secret Cultic Societies of the Germanic Peoples (1934)......Page 175 62. Harald Spehr, Were the Ancient Germans “Ecstatics”?: A Comment on Otto Höfler’s Secret Cultic Societies of the Germanic Peoples (1936)......Page 177 63. Eberhard Freidank, Nordic Ecstasy (1933)......Page 179 64. Alfred Baeumler, Hellas and Germania (1943)......Page 180 5. Racial Science......Page 182 65. Ludolf Haase, We Need a Reich Office of Racial Affairs (1933)......Page 184 66. Walter Gross, National Socialist Racial Policy: A Speech to German Women (1934)......Page 188 67. Paul Brohmer, Biological Studies and Völkisch Education (1933)......Page 194 68. Günther Hecht, Biology and National Socialism (1937/1938)......Page 198 69. Johann Fahlbusch, Colored Blood in the Rhineland (1935)......Page 199 70. Reichsführer SS Central Office for Racial Policy, Racial Policy (1942)......Page 200 6. Germany’s Colonial Mission......Page 203 71. Karl Haushofer, National Socialist Thought in the World (1933)......Page 205 72. Hans Simmer, German Territory and German Volk (1934)......Page 206 73. Hans Grimm, My Father, My Colonies (1934)......Page 208 74. Ernst Gerhard Jacob, Colonial Policy as Cultural Mission (1938)......Page 209 75. Ernst Janisch, The Biological-Historical Background of German Living Space (1943)......Page 211 PART THREE. ANTISEMITISM: THE CORE DOCTRINE......Page 214 7. Jews: The Visible Enemy......Page 216 76. Adolf Hitler, Aryan and Jew (1925)......Page 218 77. Engelbert Huber, The Anti-Semitism of the NSDAP (1933)......Page 223 78. E. H. Schulz and R. Frercks, Why the Aryan Law? A Contribution to the Jewish Question (1934)......Page 226 79. Reinhard Heydrich, The Visible Enemy: The Jews (1935)......Page 228 80. Alfred Rosenberg, Bolshevism: The Work of an Alien Race (1935)......Page 230 81. Martin Buber, An Open Letter to Gerhard Kittel (1933)......Page 231 82. Gerhard Kittel, Response to Martin Buber (1934)......Page 233 8. Eliminating the Jews: From the Nuremberg Laws to Kristallnacht......Page 235 84. Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor (1935)......Page 240 85. Wilhelm Stuckart and Hans Globke, Civil Rights and the Natural Inequality of Man (1936)......Page 241 86. Carl Schmitt, German Jurisprudence and the Struggle against the Jewish Spirit (1936)......Page 247 87. Herwig Hartner-Hnizdo, Accident of History or Destiny of the Race? (1939)......Page 249 88. Johann von Leers, The Criminality of Jewry (1940)......Page 252 89. Das Schwarze Korps, Concentration Camps and Their Inmates (1936)......Page 253 90. Peter-Heinz Seraphim, Jewry in the Eastern European Space (1938)......Page 254 91. Karl Friedrich Euler, The Yiddish Language as Expression of the Jewish Mind (1942)......Page 257 93. Fritz Arlt, The Final Struggle against Jewry: A Historical Reflection on Jewish Enmity (1938)......Page 259 94. Reinhard Heydrich, Instructions for Kristallnacht (1938)......Page 262 95. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Actions against the Jews on 9, 10, and 11 November 1938......Page 263 96. Betty Scholem, Report on Kristallnacht (1939)......Page 264 97. Sopade, Reactions of the Populace to Reichskristallnacht (1938)......Page 266 98. Das Schwarze Korps, What Now, Jews? (1938)......Page 267 PART FOUR. NATIONALIZING GERMAN YOUTH......Page 270 9. Educating the Race: Children and Adolescents......Page 272 100. Anonymous, Conference Minutes: Horst Wessel School in Kassel (1933–45)......Page 274 101. Paul Garz and Otto Hartmann, German Grammar: Active/Passive Voice (1937)......Page 278 103. Baldur von Schirach, To the Flag (1942)......Page 279 104. Dietrich Klagges, Volk and Führer: German History for Schools (1942)......Page 280 106. Otto Steche, Erich Stengel, and Maxim Wagner, School Subject: Biology (1942)......Page 281 107. Law Concerning the Hitler Youth (1936)......Page 282 108. Sopade, Reports on German Youth (1938)......Page 283 110. Baldur von Schirach, The National Socialist Youth Movement (1933)......Page 284 111. Reimund Schnabel, Leadership Training Program of the Hitler Youth (1938)......Page 286 112. Anonymous, A Hitler Youth Scout Is Loyal and True! (1941)......Page 287 113. Oberbannführer Stephan, The League of German Girls Organization in the Hitler Youth (1935)......Page 290 114. Erna Bohlmann, The Position of the Ancient Germanic Woman (1934)......Page 292 115. Günter Kaufmann, Faith and Beauty (1938)......Page 293 117. Jutta Rüdiger, The “Eastern Deployment” of the BDM (1942)......Page 295 118. Kristel Paun, Wartime Fashion Show (1942)......Page 296 10. Higher Education: Science, History, and Philosophy Revised......Page 297 119. Ernst Krieck, Renewal of the German University (1933)......Page 301 120. Arthur Göpfert, Eugen Fischer, Martin Heidegger, and Wilhelm Pinder, Vow of Allegiance of the Professors of German Universities and Institutions of Higher Learning to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist State (1933)......Page 302 121. Karl Alexander von Müller, The State of the University (1938)......Page 309 122. E. Günther Gründel, The Intellectuals and National Socialism (1934)......Page 311 123. Ludwig Glaser, Jews in Physics: Jewish Physics (1939)......Page 313 124. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Citing Jewish Authors in Dissertations (1940)......Page 314 125. Christoph Steding, Disease unto Death? Disease unto Life? (1938)......Page 315 126. Johannes Haller, The Epochs of German History (1936)......Page 316 127. Karl Alexander von Müller, The Influence of the Peasantry in the National Community of the Volk (1938)......Page 319 128. Theodor Schieder, East Prussia in the History of the Reich (1938)......Page 320 129. Kleo Pleyer, Volk in the Field (1943)......Page 322 130. Ernst Krieck, The German of the German Language Society (1934)......Page 323 131. Ernst Krieck, Philosophy (1939)......Page 324 132. Arnold Gehlen, The State and Philosophy (1935)......Page 326 133. Gerhard Fricke, The German of the Enlightenment (1935)......Page 327 134. Alfred Baeumler, Nietzsche and National Socialism (1943)......Page 329 135. Wolfgang Schultz, Nietzsche’s Zarathustra and the Historical Zarathustra (1935)......Page 331 136. Heinrich Härtle, Nietzsche and National Socialism (1938)......Page 333 PART FIVE. THE RACIAL COMMUNITY......Page 336 11. Women and “the Woman Question”......Page 338 137. Paula Siber, The National Socialist Solution to the Woman Question (1933)......Page 340 139. Adolf Hitler, Speech to the Meeting of the National Socialist Women’s Organization (1934)......Page 342 140. Hanns Johst, Mother (1934)......Page 345 141. Emil Strauß, The Mother (1934)......Page 346 142. Joseph Goebbels, German Women (1933)......Page 347 143. Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, To Swedes and Germans (1937)......Page 351 144. Das Schwarze Korps, Fashion: A Matter for Our Women! (1939)......Page 352 145. Office of Women’s Affairs of the German Labor Front, Working Women and Leisure Time......Page 354 146. Gertrud Altmann-Gädke, The Maternal Instinct Must Be Reinforced (1941)......Page 356 147. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Women’s Reactions to Goebbels’s “Total War” Speech (1943)......Page 357 12. Marriage and the Family......Page 358 148. Law for the Protection of the Hereditary Health of the German Volk (1935)......Page 360 149. Otto Steche, Guide to Racial Science and Eugenics, Fostering Congenitally Sound Progeny, and Family Science for the Intermediate Level (1937)......Page 362 150. Anonymous, Selection and Breeding (1942)......Page 363 151. Otto Steche, Erich Stengel, and Maxim Wagner, Womb Wars (1942)......Page 365 13. Eliminating “Superfluous Life”: “Asocials,” Criminals, the Handicapped, and the Mentally Ill......Page 366 152. Law for the Protection against Hereditarily Diseased Offspring (1933)......Page 369 153. Kurt Daluege, The National Socialist Fight against Criminality (1936)......Page 370 154. Reinhard Heydrich, The Enemy in Disguise (1935)......Page 372 156. Ferdinand von Neureiter, Body Type and Crime (1940)......Page 374 157. Adolf Hitler, Memorandum Authorizing Involuntary Euthanasia (1939)......Page 375 158. Clemens August Count von Galen, Sermon on Euthanasia (1941)......Page 376 159. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, On the Public Response to the Film Ich klage an [I Accuse] (1942)......Page 378 160. Rudolf Frercks, Christianity and Sterilization (1942)......Page 381 14. Healthy and Unhealthy Sexuality......Page 382 161. Das Schwarze Korps, Is This “Nudist Culture?” Herr Stapel Is Outraged! (1935)......Page 386 162. Das Schwarze Korps, Sexual Indecency on Active Duty (1936)......Page 387 163. Wolfgang Willrich, The Suffocating Nobility (1943)......Page 389 164. Hugo Hertwig, Race and Love (1941)......Page 392 165. Der Stürmer, The Abortion Trial: Jewish Doctors as Murderers (1939)......Page 395 166. A. Aschenbrenner, Incest and Hereditary Health (1940)......Page 396 167. Anonymous, How Magnus Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Science Was Demolished and Destroyed (1933)......Page 398 168. Magnus Hirschfeld, Men’s Leagues: A Psychosexual Analysis of the Röhm Catastrophe (1934)......Page 400 169. Anonymous, Illusions (1935)......Page 402 170. 1935 Revision to Paragraph 175 of the Penal Code (1935)......Page 405 171. Heinrich Himmler, On Homosexuality and Abortion (1936, 1937)......Page 406 172. SS-Untersturmführer Professor Eckhardt, Sexually Indecent Abominations against Nature Are Punishable by Death (1935)......Page 408 15. The German Soul and Psyche......Page 412 173. Frank Maraun, Christianity and Psychoanalysis (1933)......Page 415 174. Anonymous, The Role of the Jew in Medicine: The Psychoanalysis of the Jew Sigmund Freud (1933)......Page 416 175. Kurt Gauger, Political Medicine: Foundations of a German Psychotherapy (1933)......Page 417 176. Herbert Rudolf, Interview with Prof. Dr. M. H. Göring: Early Childhood Experiences Determine Development Later in Life (1939)......Page 421 177. The Case of Edith Jacobsohn: Indictment and Commentaries (1935, 1936)......Page 424 178. Ernest Jones, Letter to Anna Freud (1935)......Page 425 179. Dr. Fritz Bleiber, Siegmund [sic] Freud and Psychoanalysis (1939)......Page 427 180. C. G. Jung, The State of Psychotherapy Today (1934)......Page 430 181. Ursula von Kardorff, Suicide and Deportation (1943)......Page 431 182. Dr. Leonard Reitberger, On the Psychology of Suicide (1944)......Page 432 183. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Kamikaze Panic: The Image of Japan in the German Population (1942)......Page 434 PART SIX. THE CHURCHES......Page 438 16. The National Socialist State and Christianity......Page 440 184. Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich (1933)......Page 444 186. Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber, What Is the Stance of Christianity to the German Race? (1934)......Page 450 187. Declaration of the German Christians (1933)......Page 451 188. Karl Barth, Theological Declaration of Barmen (1934)......Page 452 189. Statement of the Confessing Church (1934)......Page 455 190. Julius von Jan, A Sermon on Bußtag (Day of Atonement): “O earth, earth, earth, hear the word of the Lord!” (1938)......Page 456 191. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, The Churches’ Attempts to Undermine Anti-Jewish Sentiments in the Populace (1941)......Page 458 192. Alfred Rosenberg, Theses on the Worldview (1941)......Page 460 193. Walter Künneth, Jesus: Aryan or Jew? (1936)......Page 464 194. Walter Grundmann, Jesus of Nazareth and Jewry (1940)......Page 466 195. Das Schwarze Korps, The German Faith: Where Do We Stand? (1936)......Page 468 196. Martin Bormann, National Socialism and Christianity Are Irreconcilable (1941)......Page 471 197. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Resistance and Resignation (1945)......Page 472 PART SEVEN. NATIONAL SOCIALISM AND THE ARTS......Page 474 17. Literature: Official Culture and Its Outcasts......Page 476 198. German Student Association, Down with the Un-German Spirit! (1933)......Page 480 199. Anonymous, To the German Student Association: All Anti-Semitic Students Are Assholes! (1933)......Page 481 200. Association of German Peoples Librarians, General Guidelines for Compiling Blacklists (1933)......Page 482 201. German Student Association Head Office for Enlightenment and Publicity, To the Individual Student Associations (1933)......Page 483 202. Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, The Public Burning of Outlawed Works (1933)......Page 484 203. Oskar Maria Graf, Burn Me! (1933)......Page 485 204. Joseph Goebbels, The Tasks of the Ministry of Propaganda (1933)......Page 486 205. Joseph Goebbels, Speech at the Opening of the Reich Chamber of Culture (1933)......Page 488 206. Law Establishing the Reich Chamber of Culture (1933)......Page 490 207. Klaus Mann, Open Letter to Gottfried Benn (1933)......Page 491 208. Gottfried Benn, Answer to the Literary Emigrants (1933)......Page 493 209. Lion Feuchtwanger, Open Letter to the Current Occupant of My House in Berlin (Mahler Street 8) (1935)......Page 496 210. Editors’ Law (1933)......Page 498 211. Ernst Bertram, Against Humanism (1935)......Page 500 212. Ricarda Huch, Letter to Max von Schillings, President of the Prussian Academy of the Arts (1933)......Page 501 213. Josef Nadler, Nation, State, and Literature (1937)......Page 502 214. Heinz Kindermann, The New Literary Values (1939)......Page 503 215. Johannes Alt, Foundations and Suppositions of the Scholarly Editing of German-Language Jewish Literature (1937)......Page 505 216. Thomas Mann, Letter to Eduard Korrodi (1936)......Page 506 217. Friedrich Percyval Reck-Malleczewen, Diary of a Man in Despair (1937)......Page 509 218. Werner Bergengruen, A Matter of Conscience (1935)......Page 511 219. Franz Fühmann, Wartime Poems (1942)......Page 512 18. The Visual Arts: German Art vs. Degenerate Art......Page 514 220. Otto Andreas Schreiber, The Continuation of Expressionism (1934)......Page 518 221. Alfred Rosenberg, Revolution in the Visual Arts? (1933)......Page 519 222. Adolf Hitler, Art and Its Commitment to Truth (1934)......Page 520 223. Joseph Goebbels, Ban on Art Criticism (1936)......Page 523 224. Ernst Barlach, Letter to Joseph Goebbels (1936)......Page 524 225. Adolf Hitler, Speech at the Opening of the Great German Art Exhibition (1937)......Page 525 226. Adolf Ziegler, Speech at the Opening of the Degenerate Art Exhibition (1937)......Page 531 227. Reinhard Piper, A Visit to the Degenerate Art Exhibition (1937)......Page 534 228. Robert Scholz, Vital Questions of Visual Art (1937)......Page 536 229. Werner Rittich, Contemporary Architecture and Architectural Sculpture (1938)......Page 537 230. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, The Great German Art Exhibition in Munich, 1940......Page 539 232. Robert Scholz, The Mission of the New German Sculpture: On the Arno Breker Exhibit in Paris (1942)......Page 540 233. Paul Schmitthenner, Tradition and New Design in Architecture (1933)......Page 542 234. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Conversation with Alfred Rosenberg, April 1933......Page 545 235. Adolf Hitler, The Reich Chancellery (1939)......Page 546 236. Hans Kiener, Germanic Tectonics (1937)......Page 548 237. Fritz Todt, The Meaning of the New Building (1937)......Page 549 238. Albert Speer, Redesigning the New Capital of the Reich (1939)......Page 552 239. German Labor Front, Urban Planning: A Political Task (1939)......Page 553 240. Heinrich Himmler, Order for the Destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto (1943)......Page 554 19. Music: The Wagner Cult vs. Degenerate Music......Page 556 241. Richard Strauss, Speech at the Opening of the Reich Music Chamber (1933)......Page 560 242. Richard Strauss, Letter to Adolf Hitler (1935)......Page 561 243. Fritz Stege, Future Tasks of Musicology (1933)......Page 562 244. Wilhelm Furtwängler and Joseph Goebbels, The Case of Wilhelm Furtwängler (1933)......Page 563 245. Siegfried Scheffler, Bayreuth in the Third Reich (1933)......Page 565 246. Manchester Guardian, The Bayreuth Festival: August 15, 1933: “Featuring” Herr Hitler (1933)......Page 567 247. Oskar Loerke, Diary Entry (1933)......Page 568 248. A Protest from Richard Wagner’s City of Munich (1933)......Page 569 249. Thomas Mann, Response to City of Munich Protest (1933)......Page 570 250. Herbert Birtner, On the German Interpretation of Beethoven Since Richard Wagner (1937)......Page 572 251. Curt von Westernhagen, Richard Wagner’s Struggle against Foreign Domination of the Soul (1935)......Page 573 252. Thomas Mann, Letter to the Editor of Common Sense (1940)......Page 574 253. Moser’s Dictionary of Music, Atonal (1943)......Page 578 255. The Hindemith Affair: Exchange between Wilhelm Furtwängler and Joseph Goebbels (1934)......Page 579 256. Wulf Bley, Is It Jazz or Just Radio Dance Tunes? (1934)......Page 582 257. Ilse Deyk, Jazz Is Dead: May the Jazz Band Live! (1942)......Page 584 258. Carl Hannemann, Jazz as a Weapon of Jewry and Americanism (1943)......Page 585 259. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Jazz Music and Youth (1942)......Page 586 20. Cinema: Entertainment and Propaganda......Page 587 260. Joseph Goebbels, Speech at the Kaiserhof (1933)......Page 591 261. Reich Cinema Law (1934)......Page 594 262. Hans Traub, The Cinema as Entertainment Site (1933)......Page 597 263. Carl Neumann, Curt Belling, and Hans Walther Betz, Portrait of the Unmasked Mr. Kohn (1937)......Page 598 264. Curt Belling, Preparatory Work of the Party until the Takeover of Power (1936)......Page 601 265. Curt Belling, The Beginning of National Socialist Film (1936)......Page 602 266. Fritz Hippler, The Formative Power of Film (1942)......Page 603 267. Film-Kurier, We Lucky Kids (1936)......Page 606 268. Film-Kurier, The Latest Greta Garbo Triumph (1935)......Page 607 269. Film-Kurier, This, Too, Is Worldview! (1937)......Page 608 271. Walter Panofsky, What Does the Audience Want to See on the Silver Screen? (1938)......Page 610 272. Winifred Holmes, Hamburg Cinema: A Typical German Program (1939)......Page 613 274. Licht Bild Bühne, Hitler Youth Quex (1933)......Page 615 275. Film-Kurier, Leni Riefenstahl Spoke (1935)......Page 618 276. Film-Kurier, Triumph over the Heart—Triumph of the Will (1935)......Page 619 277. Frank Maraun [Franz Goelz], Olympia (1938)......Page 621 279. Film-Kurier, Jews No Longer Permitted to Attend the Cinema— All Forms of Participation in Representations of German Culture Forbidden! (1938)......Page 624 280. Der Stürmer, Charlie Chaplin: The Jewish Chimp in America (1940)......Page 625 281. Anonymous, The Eternal Jew: Film of a 2,000-Year Rat Migration (1940)......Page 626 282. Film-Kurier, Review of The Eternal Jew (1941)......Page 627 283. Gerhard Starke, Review of Jew Süss (1940)......Page 628 285. Manfred Georg, Charlie Chaplin in The Great Dictator (1940)......Page 630 286. Anonymous, Hollywood Reports: On the Situation of Refugees in Hollywood (1940)......Page 632 21. Politics and Entertainment: Theater, Radio, and Television......Page 634 287. Ludwig Moshamer, The Thingstätte and Its Meaning for the Future of German Theater (1935)......Page 637 288. Richard Euringer, The Passion of Germany 1933: Radio Play in Six Acts (1933)......Page 638 289. Hermann Wanderscheck, The Transformation of the Theater in the Third Reich (1939)......Page 640 290. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, On Performances of Works by [George] Bernard Shaw (1941)......Page 642 291. Joseph Goebbels, Radio as the Eighth Great Power (1933)......Page 643 292. Franz Hartung, Radio and Politics (1933)......Page 647 293. Ferdinand Eckhardt, No More Stars! (1933)......Page 649 294. Lisa Peck, Women and Radio: The Numbers (1934)......Page 651 295. A. Wulff, 500 Schoolchildren in Berlin Tell about Radio (1934)......Page 653 296. Heinz Goedecke and Wilhelm Krug, Solders of the German Army, Lend Us Your Ears! (1941)......Page 654 297. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Armed Forces Radio Request Program Well Received (1940)......Page 655 298. Heinrich Himmler, Illegal Broadcasts for England: Memo to Ernst Kaltenbrunner (1943)......Page 656 300. Film-Kurier, First Television Broadcast Launched (1935)......Page 657 22. Jewish Culture under Nazi Persecution: The Jewish Cultural League......Page 660 301. Kurt Singer, Let’s Get Started! (1933)......Page 663 302. Kurt Singer, Speech at the Opening of the Cultural Conference of the Reich Organization of Jewish Cultural Leagues in Germany (1936)......Page 664 303. Hans Hinkel, The Policy of Purging Jews from the Theater (1936)......Page 665 304. Robert Weltsch, Wear the Yellow Badge with Pride! (1933)......Page 667 305. C.-V. Zeitung, The Reich Representative Council of German Jews in Germany after the Nuremberg Laws (1935)......Page 669 306. Kongress-Korrespondenz, Interview with Hans Hinkel: Must the Jews in Germany Starve? (1935)......Page 670 307. Philo-Lexikon: Handbook of Jewish Knowledge, Encyclopedia Entries: Emigration, Distinctions, Emancipation, Military Service (1937)......Page 673 308. Culture Department of the Vilna Ghetto Judenrat, Cultural Activities in the Vilna Ghetto (1942)......Page 675 PART EIGHT. WORK, INDUSTRY, MODERNITY......Page 678 23. Industry and Labor: The Four-Year-Plan, Beauty of Labor, and Strength through Joy......Page 680 309. Adolf Hitler, Secret Memorandum on the Four-Year Plan (1936)......Page 682 310. Karl Arnhold, Senseless Work Is Un-German (1936)......Page 688 311. Sopade, On Recruiting Workers through Compulsory Membership and Social Bribery (1935)......Page 689 312. Karl Kretschmer, On the Tasks of the Beauty of Labor Program (1934)......Page 690 313. Wilhelm Lotz, Reconstruction Work in German Factories (1936)......Page 693 314. Emil Rudolf Mewes, Thoughts on Architecture in Industrial Construction (1938)......Page 695 315. Robert Ley, On the Anniversary of the Establishment of Strength through Joy (1934)......Page 696 317. Gertrud Meyer, Around Italy: The Great Travel Experience (1939)......Page 697 318. Sopade, On “Strength through Joy” (1938, 1939)......Page 699 24. Modernizing Germany: The Autobahn and Americanism......Page 700 319. Wilfrid Bade, The Führer and the Automobile (1938)......Page 703 321. Fritz Todt, Nordic Man and Transportation (1937)......Page 704 322. Friedrich Tamms, The Reichsautobahn as All-Encompassing Architectural Marvel (1937)......Page 706 323. Anonymous, Five Years of Strength through Joy (1938)......Page 708 324. Fritz Todt, Foreword to Adolf Hitler’s Roads and Buildings (1939)......Page 710 325. Eugen Diesel, Is Modern Technology National? (1934)......Page 711 326. Jakob Korn, The War Experience and Renewal of Science (1940)......Page 713 327. Hansjürgen Weidlich, Felix versus USA: A German Takes on America (1934)......Page 714 328. Dr. J. F. E. Raschen, Germany—As Seen by Americans (1935)......Page 715 329. Das Schwarze Korps, Jerry Siegel Attacks! Superman the Jew (1940)......Page 716 330. Das Schwarze Korps, The Danger of Americanism (1944)......Page 717 331. Giselher Wirsing, Unbounded Continent: Roosevelt’s Struggle for World Domination (1942)......Page 720 PART NINE. BODY CULTURE, SPORTS, PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS......Page 724 25. The 1936 Olympics and the World of Sports......Page 726 332. Max Ostrop, Olympic Games: German Style (1935)......Page 728 334. Harry Hirsch, The Playing Fields of Nazi Germany (1934)......Page 729 335. Committee on Fair Play in Sports, Preserve the Olympic Ideal (1935)......Page 731 337. Völkischer Beobachter, Schmeling’s Knockout Victory over Louis: And the Match Goes to the Opponent (1936)......Page 735 338. Das Schwarze Korps, Jewish Victor in the German College Championships (1935)......Page 736 339. Count Wolf Baudissin, Sports in the Army (1937)......Page 737 341. Dr. A. Mallwitz, Sports Hygiene, (1936)......Page 738 342. Geist und Schönheit, Rejuvenating Life, Enthusiasm for Life, Rejuvenating the Volk (1936)......Page 739 26. “Amusmang”: Laughter in the Third Reich......Page 741 343. Das Schwarze Korps, What Will Santa Bring? (1935)......Page 743 346. Das Schwarze Korps, We’re Not So! (1936)......Page 745 347. Das Schwarze Korps, Fool’s License for Artists (1939)......Page 746 348. American Committee for Anti-Nazi Literature, Coffee Shortage Announced (1939)......Page 747 349. Illustrierte Beobachter, Swastika Crossword Puzzle (1934)......Page 748 PART TEN. WAR, CONQUEST, AND THE ANNIHILATION OF THE JEWS......Page 750 27. The Holocaust Begins: Violence, Deportation, and Ghettoization, 1939–1942......Page 752 350. Adolf Hitler, Speech to the Great German Reichstag (1939)......Page 754 351. Julius Streicher, Bolshevism and Synagogue (1941)......Page 755 352. Four Decrees Issued in Occupied Poland, 1939–1941......Page 756 353. Der Stürmer, The Eternal Shame: Black France Enlists Negroes as Cannon Fodder for the Eternal Jew (1940)......Page 758 354. Alfred Rosenberg, The Jewish Question as World Problem (1941)......Page 759 355. Victor Klemperer, Reading Rosenberg’s Myth in 1942 (1942)......Page 763 356. Heinrich Himmler, Some Thoughts on the Treatment of Racial Aliens in the East (1940)......Page 764 357. Persecution of the Sinti and Roma: Three Decrees (1938, 1939)......Page 766 358. Johannes Blaskowitz, The Military and the Slaughter of the Jews (1940)......Page 767 359. Joseph Goebbels, The Jews Are Guilty! (1941)......Page 768 361. Field Marshal Walter von Reichenau, Orders for Conduct in the East: Crushing the Jewish-Bolshevist System (1941)......Page 771 362. Karl Baumböck, Jews Practice World Politics (1942)......Page 773 28. The Annihilation of European Jewry, 1942–1945......Page 776 363. Reinhard Heydrich, Policy and Operations Concerning Jews in the Occupied Territories (1939)......Page 780 364. Wannsee Protocol (1942)......Page 783 365. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Battle against the Jews (1942)......Page 789 366. Reich Leader SS/SS Main Office, The Jew (1943)......Page 790 367. Hillel Zeitlin and Dr. Israel Milejkowski, Evaluating the Ghetto: Interview in Warsaw, 1941......Page 791 368. Warsaw Diary of Adam Czerniaków (1940, 1942)......Page 795 369. Stefan Ernest, Warsaw Ghetto Diary (1942)......Page 796 370. [Abba Kovner and Others], A Summons to Resistance, Vilna Ghetto (1942)......Page 798 371. Hans Frank, Diary Entry (1943)......Page 800 372. Walter Gross, Racial Political Prerequisites for the Solution of the Jewish Problem (1943)......Page 801 373. Józef Zelkowicz, Diary of the Łódz Ghetto (1942)......Page 802 374. Dawid Sierakowiak, Notebooks from the Łódz Ghetto (1942)......Page 806 375. Stanislaw Sznapman, Warsaw Ghetto Diary (1943)......Page 807 376. Stefania Staszewska, Warsaw Ghetto Diary (1944)......Page 809 377. General Jürgen Stroop, Report on the Destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto (1943)......Page 810 378. Heinrich Himmler, Speech at Posen (1943)......Page 816 388. Guidelines for the Treatment of Political Commissars (1941)......Page 822 380. Oswald Pohl, Expanding Auschwitz (1942)......Page 826 381. Alfred Wetzler and Rudolf Vrba, Auschwitz Protocols (1944)......Page 828 382. Zalmen Gradowski, The Czech Transport: A Chronicle of the Auschwitz Sonderkommando (1944)......Page 834 29. Total War: 1939–1945......Page 846 383. Theodor Schieder, Notes on Settlement and Population Surveys in the Reclaimed Eastern Provinces (1939)......Page 849 384. Major General Hellmuth Stieff, Letter from Poland (1939)......Page 850 385. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Bilingualism as Means and Expression of German Superiority in the East (1940)......Page 851 387. Der Stürmer, Africa in Paris (1940)......Page 852 389. Martin Bormann, To Alfred Rosenberg: On the Treatment of Non-German Populations in the Eastern Territories (1942)......Page 854 390. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Rumors and Murmurings (1942)......Page 855 391. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, The Image of Russia in the Populace (1942)......Page 856 392. Hermann Ernst Grobig, Why Racial Hygiene in Wartime? (1944)......Page 857 393. Joseph Goebbels, Now, People, Rise Up and Let the Storm Winds Blow! (1943)......Page 859 394. Thomas Mann, Response to Joseph Goebbels (1943)......Page 862 395. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Reactions to Goebbels’s Speech (1943)......Page 863 396. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Reactions to the Katyn Forest Massacre (1943)......Page 864 397. Martin Bormann, Safeguarding the Future of the German People (1944)......Page 865 PART ELEVEN. RESISTANCE......Page 870 30. Communists, Socialists, Youth, and the Conservative Resistance......Page 872 398. The Brown Book, The Road to Power (1933)......Page 875 399. The Bloody Thirtieth of June in Germany (1934)......Page 879 400. Miles [Walter Löwenheim], Socialism’s New Beginning (1934)......Page 881 401. Wilhelm Reich, The Mass Psychology of Fascism (1933)......Page 882 402. Willi Münzenberg, Propaganda as a Weapon (1937)......Page 883 403. Hans Scholl, Willi Graf, and Christoph Probst, The White Rose: Second Leaflet (1942)......Page 886 404. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Reports on the Program to Combat Criminal Subversion (1943)......Page 888 405. Secret Report of the Security Service of the Reichsführer SS, Reactions to the Weekly Newsreel for 27 February–5 March 1943......Page 890 406. Heinrich Himmler, Decree on Youth Gangs (1944)......Page 891 407. Ludwig Beck, Beck’s Response to Hitler’s Arguments on 5 November 1937 (1939)......Page 893 408. Ulrich von Hassell, Diary Entry (1941)......Page 894 409. Helmuth James von Moltke, Principles for the New Order (the Kreisau Circle) (1943)......Page 896 410. Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, (Prepared) Radio Address (1944)......Page 897 PART TWELVE. DEFEAT......Page 900 31. Hitler’s Last Will and Testament......Page 902 411. Adolf Hitler, Political Testament (1945)......Page 903 Bibliography of English-Language Works......Page 906 Credits......Page 918 Index......Page 926