Handbook for Chemical Process Industries

Description

Chemical processing industry plays a pivotal role in the economy of a country, as chemicals are required in every sphere of our lives. This book covers chemical processing of dyes, pigments, drugs and pharmaceutical products, fermented products, agrochemicals, explosives, polymers, Period II and III chemicals, chemicals, sugar, coatings, starches, soaps and detergents, paper, pulp, glass, and cement. It includes sources of natural materials, collection process, purification, and extraction of different chemicals from natural materials like petroleum, coal and ores from the Earth. It includes manufacturing details of C1 to C4 and aromatic compounds obtained from natural materials. The book covers both traditional and modern sectors of the chemical processing industry. It provides knowledge on the properties of the chemical and manufacturing process (such as raw materials, chemical reactions, quantitative requirement, flow sheet diagram, procedure) and its uses. The book is based on the author's expertise and has been developed with an awareness of the quantitative requirement for manufacturing chemicals. Data has been collected from industry, thus it will be useful to industry personnel, research groups, academicians and institutional organizations. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Preface Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Basic Concepts of Chemical Industries 1.2 Raw Material 1.3 Unit Processes and Unit Operations 1.4 Utilities 1.5 Process Flow Diagram 2. Basic Chemicals from Natural Materials 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Petroleum 2.3 Coal 2.4 Metal 3. C – 1 Organic Chemicals 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Methane 3.3 Methanol 3.4 Formaldehyde 3.5 Chloromethanes 3.6 Methylamines 3.7 Formic Acid 3.8 Nitromethane 4. C – 2 Organic Chemicals 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Ethene (Ethylene) 4.3 Ethyne (Acetylene) 4.4 Ethanol 4.5 Acetaldehyde 4.6 Acetic Acid 4.7 Vinyl Chloride 4.8 Vinyl Acetate 4.9 Ethylene Oxide 4.10 Ethylene Glycol 4.11 Ethanolamines 4.12 Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) 4.13 Dimethylether (DME) 4.14 Methyl Formate 5. C – 3 and 4 Organic Chemicals 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Propylene 5.3 Isopropanol 5.4 Acrylonitrile 5.5 Acetone 5.6 Propylene Oxide 5.7 Glycerin 5.8 Nitropropanes 5.9 Isopropylamine 5.10 Trimethylamine 5.11 Propionitrile 5.12 Butadiene 5.13 n-Butanol 5.14 Butanone 5.15 Ethyl acetate 5.16 Maleic Anhydride 5.17 Succinic Acid 6. Aromatic Chemicals 6.1 Introduction 6.2 BTX Separation 6.3 Phenol 6.4 Nitrobenzene 6.5 Aniline 6.6 Cumene 6.7 Styrene 6.8 Phthalic anhydride 6.9 Benz aldehyde and Benzoic Acid 6.10 Chlorobenzenes 6.11 Acetophenone 6.12 Benzophenone 6.13 Diphenyl Oxide 6.14 Dimethyl Terephthalate 6.15 Toluidines 6.16 Nitrochlorobenzenes 6.17 2,4,5-Trichloronitrobenzene 6.18 Acetanilide 7. Dye & Pigment Industries 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Classification of Dyes 7.3 Chrome Blue Black 7.4 Koch Acid 7.5 H-Acid 7.6 Tobias Acid 7.7 Amino J-acid 7.8 Vat Dyes 7.9 Indigo Dyes 7.10 C.I. Acid Red - 119 7.11 Solvent Yellow 163 7.12 Classification of Pigments 7.13 Titanium Dioxide 7.14 Ultramarine Blue 7.15 Phthalocyanine Blue BN 7.16 Pigment Red 122 7.17 Pigment Yellow 62 8. Drug and Pharmaceutical Industry 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Classification of Drugs 8.3 Penicillin 8.4 Streptomycin 8.5 Erythromycin 8.6 Aspirin 8.7 Insulin 8.8 Barbital 8.9 Phenobarbital 8.10 Paracetamol 8.11 Proguanil 8.12 Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 8.13 Cetirizine (Cetirizine) 8.14 Ciprofloxacin 8.15 Pregabalin 9. Fermentation Industries 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Industrial Alcohol/Ethyl alcohol (Ethanol – Purity – 95.6%) 9.3 Acetic Acid 9.4 Beer 9.5 Wine 9.6 Liquors 9.7 n-Butanol 9.8 Citric Acid 10. Agrochemical Industries 10.1 Introduction 10.2 NPK Fertilizers 10.3 Urea 10.4 Ammonium Nitrate 10.5 Ammonium Sulfate 10.6 Potassium sulfate 10.7 Potassium nitrate 10.8 Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 10.9 DDT 10.10 Hexachlorobenzene (BHC) 10.11 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 10.12 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-T) 10.13 Aldrin 10.14 Pretilachlor 10.15 Atrazine 10.16 Bifenthrin 10.17 Diafenthiuron 10.18 Clomazone 10.19 Lambda Cyhalothrin 10.20 Hexaconazole 10.21 Malathion 11. Explosive & Propellant Industries 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Classification of Explosives 11.3 Propellants 11.4 Nitroglycerin 11.5 Nitrocellulose 11.6 Picric Acid 11.7 2,4,6-Trinitro Toluene (TNT) 11.8 Tetryl 11.9 PETN 11.10 Mercury Fulminate 11.11 Tetrazene 12. Polymer Industries 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 12.3 Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) 12.4 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) 12.5 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) 12.6 Polypropylene (PP) 12.7 Polystyrene (PS) 12.8 Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR or BUNA-S) 12.9 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber (NBR or BUNA-N) 12.10 Neoprene 12.11 Nylon-6 12.12 Nylon 6, 6 12.13 Teflon 12.14 Terylene 12.15 Kevlar 12.16 Bakelite 12.17 Melamine Formaldehyde Resin 12.18 Epoxy Resin 13. Period – II Chemical Industries 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Lithium 13.3 Beryllium 13.4 Boron 13.5 Nitrogen 13.6 Carbon 13.7 Oxygen 13.8 Fluorine 13.9 Neon 14. Period – III Chemical Industries 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Sodium 14.3 Magnesium 14.4 Aluminum 14.5 Silicon 14.6 Phosphorus 14.7 Sulfur 14.8 Chlorine 14.9 Argon 15. Miscellaneous Industries 15.1 Sugar Industries 15.2 Coating Industries 15.3 Starch Industries 15.4 Soap & Detergent Industries 15.5 Paper & Pulp Industries 15.6 Glass Industries 15.7 Cement Industries Index