Foundations of Career Counseling: A Case-Based Approach

Description

Foundations of Career Counseling: A Case-Based Approach is designed for students taking courses in career counseling. Additionally, a full chapter is dedicated to the career development of students seeking graduate degrees in counseling. Develop understanding of both theory and technique using in-depth, engaging case studies. Rather than simply describing career development theories, Foundations of Career Counseling: A Case-Based Approach uses seven realistic, diverse client scenarios to help students connect with the material and master career counseling content and skills. Balancing both theory and application, chapters about the career counseling process, intake interviews, and the use of tests, card sorts, and resources contain transcripts, examples, and sample assessment results from simulated sessions with these fictional clients. Suzanne Dugger’s down-to-earth writing style clearly explains complex concepts in everyday language. Future counselors will develop a thorough understanding of both theory and technique pertaining to career development interventions with children and young adults as well as with adults—including specific populations such as persons with disabilities, military veterans, ex-offenders, homemakers and caretakers transitioning back into the world of work—and even themselves! Cover......Page 1 CACREP Standards......Page 2 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Acknowledgments......Page 6 Brief Contents......Page 8 Contents......Page 10 A Vocabulary Lesson......Page 22 The Profession of Career Counseling......Page 23 The Industrial Revolution......Page 24 The Digital Revolution......Page 25 Globalization......Page 26 Job Opportunities......Page 27 Postsecondary Training Needs......Page 28 Job Security and Career Stability......Page 29 Our Cast of Clients......Page 30 Welcome to Wayne’s World......Page 31 Doors and Windows......Page 32 Embitterment Versus Empowerment......Page 33 Bloques de Construcción para un Futuro Nuevo (“Building Blocks for a New Future”)......Page 34 Interweaving Personal and Career Issues in Counseling......Page 35 Overview of the Text......Page 36 Chapter 2 Trait Factor Theories......Page 38 Historical Roots......Page 39 Holland’s Person-Environment Fit Theory......Page 41 Dawis and Lofquist’s Theory of Work Adjustment......Page 46 Application of Holland’s Theory......Page 51 Application of Dawis and Lofquist’s Theory of Work Adjustment......Page 53 Putting It All Together......Page 54 Roe’s Theory of Personality Development and Career Choice......Page 55 Bordin’s Psychodynamic Model of Career Choice and Satisfaction......Page 57 Initial Version of Ginzberg’s Theory......Page 58 Revised Version of Ginzberg’s Theory......Page 59 Super’s Propositions......Page 60 Segment 1: Life Span......Page 62 Segment 2: Life Space......Page 64 Segment 3: Self-Concept......Page 66 Career Development Assessment and Counseling Model......Page 67 Process of Circumscription......Page 69 Self-Creation: The Influence of Genetics......Page 72 Application of Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space Approach......Page 73 Application of Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation......Page 75 Bandura’s Foundational Learning Theories......Page 77 Krumboltz’s Learning Theories......Page 78 Social Cognitive Career Theory......Page 86 Cognitive Information-Processing Approach......Page 96 Application of Krumboltz’s Learning Theories......Page 103 Application of Social Cognitive Career Theory......Page 106 Application of the Cognitive Information-Processing Approach......Page 107 Introduction......Page 109 Composing a Life History......Page 110 Founding a Future Narrative......Page 111 Savickas’s Theory of Career Construction and Career Counseling......Page 112 Career Construction Theory......Page 113 Implications of CCT for Career Interventions......Page 114 Counseling for Career Construction Within a Life-Design Paradigm......Page 115 Brief Application of Narrative Theory......Page 121 Comprehensive Application to the Case of Gillian, by Thomas Eckert......Page 122 Culture and Diversity Defined......Page 125 Career Development Theories: Cultural Considerations......Page 126 Culturally Encapsulated Assumptions......Page 127 Sociopolitical Inequities......Page 128 Socioeconomic Disparities......Page 129 Identification with Multiple Cultures......Page 131 Acculturation......Page 132 Understanding Your Client as a Cultural Being......Page 133 The Cultural Formulation Approach......Page 134 Culture and Career Genograms......Page 135 Potential Impact of Culture on Career Development......Page 141 Potential Impact of Culture on Career Decision Making......Page 142 Potential Impact of Culture on Career Success......Page 143 Tip 3: Get a Grip on Reality......Page 145 Tip 7: Take a Two-Pronged Approach......Page 146 Wayne Jensen: Welcome to Wayne’s World......Page 147 Lily Huang Li Mei: Helping Li Mei Blossom......Page 148 Lakeesha Maddox: Doors and Windows......Page 150 Vincent Santiago Arroyo: Caskets, Closets, and Careers......Page 152 Doris Bronner: Embitterment Versus Empowerment......Page 154 Gillian Parker: Golden Handcuffs......Page 155 Juan Martinez: Bloques de Construcción para un Futuro Nuevo (Building Blocks for a New Future)......Page 156 Why Frank Parsons Cared About Employment Law......Page 159 The Evolution of Employment Doctrine in the United States......Page 161 Laws Pertaining to Hiring and Firing......Page 162 Laws Pertaining to Work Conditions......Page 167 Laws Pertaining to Unemployment and Inability to Work......Page 169 Laws Pertaining to Life After Retirement......Page 173 Resources for More Information......Page 174 Lakeesha Maddox: Doors and Windows......Page 175 Doris Bronner: Embitterment Versus Empowerment......Page 176 Juan Martinez: Bloques de Construcción para un Futuro Nuevo (Building Blocks for a New Future)......Page 177 Step 1: Become Competent......Page 179 Licensure......Page 180 Certification......Page 182 Step 3: Use General Ethical Principles as a Guide......Page 184 Section A: The Professional Relationship......Page 186 Section E: Evaluation, Assessment, and Interpretation......Page 187 Section I: Resolving Ethical Issues......Page 188 Step 6: Stay Up-to-Date......Page 189 Vincent Santiago Arroyo: Caskets, Closets and Careers......Page 190 Wayne Jensen: Welcome to Wayne’s World......Page 191 Lakeesha Maddox: Doors and Windows......Page 192 Doris Bronner: Embitterment Versus Empowerment......Page 193 Juan Martinez: Bloques de Construcción para un Futuro Nuevo (Building Blocks for a New Future)......Page 194 Beginning Stage: Introduction......Page 195 Middle Stage: Identification and Implementation of Helping Strategies......Page 198 Ending Stage: Conclusion......Page 202 Welcoming and Orienting Clients to Counseling: Lily Huang Li Mei......Page 203 Gathering Background Information......Page 206 Identifying Helping Strategies: Juan Martinez......Page 208 Implementing Helping Strategies: Vincent Santiago Arroyo......Page 211 Implementing Helping Strategies: Doris Bronner......Page 215 Solidifying Client Progress: Gillian Parker......Page 218 Preparing for the Future: Wayne Jensen......Page 219 Chapter 10 Intake Assessments......Page 222 Approaches to Intake Assessments......Page 223 Basic Personal Information......Page 224 Education and Training......Page 225 Current Living Situation......Page 229 Personal Strengths and Sources of Support......Page 234 Cultural Formulation......Page 235 Current Health Status and Medical Information......Page 236 Application to Our Cast of Clients......Page 238 Concerns and Goals: Vincent Santiago Arroyo......Page 239 Education and Training: Gillian Parker......Page 240 Family Background: Lily Huang Li Mei......Page 241 Challenges and Obstacles: Lakeesha Maddox......Page 243 Personal Strengths and Sources of Support: Lakeesha Maddox......Page 244 Current Health Status and Medical Information: Juan Martinez......Page 246 Putting It All Together......Page 248 Types of Standardized Tests Used in Career Counseling......Page 249 Standardized Tests Related to Interests......Page 250 Standardized Tests Related to Personality......Page 256 Standardized Tests Related to Work Values......Page 260 Standardized Tests Related to Abilities......Page 262 Career Beliefs Inventory......Page 270 Career Factors Inventory......Page 271 My Vocational Situation......Page 272 Standardized Tests Related to Career Adjustment......Page 273 Becker Work Adjustment Profile: 2......Page 274 Job Stress Survey......Page 275 Minnesota Satisfactoriness Scales......Page 276 Workplace Skills Survey......Page 277 Additional Resources......Page 278 Wayne Jensen: Welcome to Wayne’s World......Page 279 Lakeesha Maddox: Doors and Windows......Page 280 Vincent Santiago Arroyo: Caskets, Closets and Careers......Page 283 Doris Bronner: Embitterment Versus Empowerment......Page 284 Gillian Parker: Golden Handcuffs......Page 285 Juan Martinez: Bloques de Construcción para un Futuro Nuevo (Building Blocks for a New Future)......Page 286 Putting It All Together......Page 288 Leona E. Tyler......Page 289 Robert H. Dolliver......Page 290 Subsequent Modifications......Page 291 Learning Theories......Page 292 Step 1: Identify Your Purpose......Page 293 Step 4: Create Header Cards and a Corresponding Worksheet......Page 294 Step 7: Engage in Iterative Activities......Page 295 Wayne Jensen: Wayne’s Career-Related Values......Page 296 Doris Bronner’s Employability Skills......Page 300 A Final Word......Page 309 Purchasing Information......Page 310 Chapter 13 Technology and Information Resources......Page 315 Types of Information About the World of Work......Page 316 Standard Occupational Classification System......Page 317 Other Occupational Classification Systems......Page 319 Federal Government Resources......Page 320 State Government Resources......Page 334 Commercial Resources......Page 336 Other Sources of Occupational and Labor Market Information......Page 340 Importance of Postsecondary Education......Page 342 Selecting and Applying to an Educational Program and Paying for It......Page 343 Employability Skills......Page 344 Job Searching Skills......Page 345 Lily Huang Li Mei: Career Exploration and Selection of Academic Majors......Page 347 Juan Martinez: Occupational, Labor Market, and Short-Term Training Information......Page 348 Lakeesha Maddox: Career Options, Life Balance, and Networking......Page 349 Doris Bronner: Skill-Building Workshops......Page 351 American School Counselor Association National Model......Page 352 Student Competencies in Career Development......Page 353 Developmental Considerations......Page 354 School Counseling Core Curriculum: Career Development Lessons for Elementary School Classrooms......Page 355 Educational Planning Activities for Elementary Schools......Page 356 School Counseling Core Curriculum: Career Development Lessons for Middle School Classrooms......Page 358 Schoolwide Events or Programs: Other Career Development Activities for Middle Schools......Page 359 Educational Planning Activities for Middle Schools......Page 360 School Counseling Core Curriculum: Career Development Lessons for High School Classrooms......Page 361 Schoolwide Events or Programs: Other Career Development Activities for High Schools......Page 362 Educational Planning Activities for High Schools: Postsecondary Planning......Page 363 Putting It All Together......Page 371 Chapter 15 Career Development in Career and Technical Education Settings......Page 374 A False Dichotomy: Academic Rigor and CTE......Page 375 Additional Early Legislation......Page 376 Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act of 1990......Page 377 Vocational Education as a Tracking System......Page 378 Best Practice CTE Programs......Page 381 Looking Ahead: The Future of CTE......Page 383 Facilitating Consideration of CTE Options......Page 385 Assisting with the Postsecondary Search and Selection Process......Page 386 Putting It All Together......Page 388 Chapter 16 Career Services in College Settings......Page 391 Students Who Transition Directly from High School to College......Page 392 Returning Students......Page 394 CAS Program Standards for Career Services......Page 395 Career Counseling......Page 396 Information and Resources on Careers and Additional Education......Page 403 Job Search Services......Page 406 Employer Relationship and Recruitment Services......Page 407 Putting It All Together......Page 408 Job Loss and Unemployment......Page 410 Unemployment: Definitions and Statistics......Page 411 Psychological Reactions to Job Loss......Page 412 Addressing Psychological Reactions to Job Loss and Unemployment......Page 414 The Job Search Process......Page 415 Technology and Information Resources to Support Job Searches......Page 416 Putting It All Together......Page 429 Transition Factors......Page 431 Specific Populations and Their Career Service Needs in Community Settings......Page 434 Employment Statistics......Page 435 Helping Strategies......Page 436 Employment Statistics......Page 438 Helping Strategies......Page 440 Incarceration and Employment Statistics......Page 444 Employment Challenges......Page 446 Helping Strategies......Page 449 Definitions and Statistics......Page 453 Employment Challenges......Page 456 Helping Strategies......Page 457 Providers of Career-Related Services in Community Settings......Page 459 Career Service Sites in the Community Setting......Page 460 Putting It All Together......Page 461 Chapter 19 Charting Your Own Career Path as a Professional Counselor......Page 462 Gather Information......Page 463 Adopt an Attitude of Self-Responsibility......Page 464 Take Action to Prepare Yourself......Page 465 Obtain Licensure and Other Credentials......Page 467 Step 2: Engage in a Job Search Process......Page 470 Define the Parameters of Your Job Search......Page 471 Identify Key Elements and Unique Strengths to Highlight in Your Application......Page 472 Develop and Compile Application Materials......Page 474 Launch Your Job Search......Page 479 Conduct and View Yourself as a Professional Counselor......Page 482 Keep Learning......Page 483 Step 4: Engage in Long-Term Career Planning......Page 484 Appendices......Page 488 Appendix A Historical Highlights of Vocational Guidance, Career Development, and Career Counseling in the United States......Page 489 Appendix B National Career Development Association Counselor Competencies......Page 491 Appendix C National Career Development Association Code of Ethics......Page 493 Appendix D American School Counselor Association Student Standards in the Career Development Domain......Page 518 Appendix E National Career Development Guidelines Framework......Page 520 Appendix F Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS)–Employability Skills......Page 529 Appendix G Sample Form for an Educational Development Plan......Page 531 References......Page 532 C......Page 560 H......Page 561 M......Page 562 S......Page 563 Z......Page 564 C......Page 565 D......Page 567 E......Page 568 I......Page 569 K......Page 570 M......Page 571 O......Page 572 R......Page 573 S......Page 574 V......Page 575 Z......Page 576