Bio-based Superabsorbents: Recent Trends, Types, Applications and Recycling

Description

This book examines the synthetic approaches, properties, applications, and recyclability of bio-based superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in depth. It describes and compares bio-based SAPs with petro-based SAPs. Additionally, it explores the structure–property relationships of bio-based SAPs derived from various natural sources. The book covers current and emerging applications in health and hygiene products, agriculture, construction, and other areas. It also explores the recycling and reusing methods available for water recovery, pressure sensitive adhesives, etc. It discusses the issues behind the sharp increase in research attention, namely the prevailing research hotspots/clusters and suggestions with regard to present studies, works that have been significant and pivotal in the development of SAP research, and the current advances and future directions of research. It also presents the emerging applications of superabsorbent polymers. Preface Contents Editors and Contributors Bio-based Superabsorbent Polymers: An Overview 1 Introduction 2 Classification of Bio-based Superabsorbents 2.1 Based on Source 2.2 Based on Crosslinking 2.3 Based on Network Electrical Charges 2.4 Based on Morphology 2.5 Based on Water Affinity 2.6 Based on Respond to Stimuli 2.7 Based on Polymerization Mechanism/Methods 3 Synthesis methods of Superabsorbents 3.1 Chemical Synthesis 3.2 Physical Synthesis 4 Characterization of Superabsorbents 5 Applications of Bio-based Superabsorbents 5.1 Biomedical Applications 5.2 Water Treatment Applications 5.3 Hygiene Applications 5.4 Agricultural Applications 5.5 Construction Applications 5.6 Other Applications 6 Bibliometric Analysis 6.1 Abstract Analysis of Different Research Articles on Bio-based Superabsorbents 6.2 Year Wise Publications 6.3 Keyword Analysis 6.4 Title Analysis References Synthesis of Biopolymer Based Superabsorbent: An Eco-friendly Approach Towards Future Sustainability 1 Introduction 2 Definition and Classification 2.1 Classification of Superabsorbent 2.2 Biopolymer as Superabsorbent 3 Characterization of Biopolymer Based SABs 3.1 Physical Characteristics 3.2 Biological Characterization 4 Preparation and Synthesis of Biopolymer-Based Superabsorbents 4.1 Materials 4.2 Crosslinking Methods 5 Applications 6 Conclusions References Bio-based Versus Petro-based Superabsorbent Polymers 1 Introduction 2 Difference Between Absorbing and Super-Absorbing Material 3 Classification of Superabsorbent Polymer 4 Types of Superabsorbent Polymers Based on Starting Material 4.1 Petro-based Superabsorbent Polymers 4.2 Bio-based Superabsorbent Polymers 5 Conclusion References Theory of Superabsorbent Polymers 1 Introduction 2 Absorption Versus Superabsorption 3 Swelling Mechanism 4 Crosslinking 5 Some Important Properties of Superabsorbents 5.1 Swelling Capacity 5.2 Reswellability 5.3 Saline Sensitivity 5.4 Residual Monomer 6 Conclusion References Chitin/Chitosan Based Superabsorbent Polymers 1 Introduction 1.1 Super Absorbent Polymer 1.2 Chitin/Chitosan Based Super Absorbent Polymer 2 Chemical Structure and Properties of Chitin/Chitosan 3 Solubility of Chitin and Chitosan Based Super Absorbent Polymer 4 Methodology for Super Absorbent Polymer 4.1 Step 1—Synthesis Root or Chemical Cross Linking Method 4.2 Step II—Physical Cross Linking Method 5 Applications 5.1 Biomedical 5.2 Agriculture 5.3 Dressing 5.4 Water Treatment 5.5 Building 6 Demanding Challenges and Future Aspects 7 Conclusion References Alginate-Based Superabsorbents 1 Overview of Superabsorbent Polymers 1.1 Classification of Superabsorbent Polymers 1.2 General Swelling Mechanism of SAPs 2 Overview of Alginates-Based Superabsorbent 2.1 Structure of Alginates 2.2 Factors Influencing the Alginate-Based Superabsorbent Polymers 3 Synthesis of Alginate-Based Superabsorbent Polymers 3.1 Extraction from Natural Source 3.2 Polymerisation Method 3.3 Photo Chemical Method 3.4 Radiation Method 4 Applications of Alginate-Based Superabsorbents 4.1 Antiviral Activity 4.2 Wound Dressing 4.3 Drug Delivery 4.4 3D Bioprinting 4.5 Cosmetics 4.6 Agriculture 5 Special Features of Alginate-Based Superabsorbents 6 Conclusions References Starch-Based Superabsorbent Polymer 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Superabsorbent Polymer 3 Preparation of Starch Based Superabsorbent Polymer 3.1 Preparation of Urea-Embedded SBSAPs 4 Cross Linker Effects on SBSAP Characteristics and Microstructure 5 Graft Copolymerization 6 Effects of Amylase-Amylopectin Ratio on Starch Based Superabsorbent Polymers 7 Determination of Add-on, Grafting Ratio and Grafting Efficiency 8 Effects of the Amylose-Amylopectin Ratio on Water Absorption 9 Applications 9.1 Use of SBSAP in Agriculture for Slow Release of Fertilizer 9.2 Application of Starch-Based Superabsorbent Polymer in Road Dust Suppression 10 Conclusions References Smart Superabsorbents and Other Bio-based Superabsorbents 1 Introduction 2 Temperature-Responsive SAPs 3 pH-Responsive SAPs 4 Electric Field Responsive SAPs 5 Magneto-responsive SAP 6 Photo-Responsive SAPs 7 Enzyme-Responsive SAP 8 CO2-Responsive SAP 9 Salt-Water Responsive SAPs 10 Bi/Multi Responsive SAPs 11 Other Bio-based Superabsorbent Polymers References Recycling and Reuse of Superabsorbent Polymers 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Super Absorbing Materials 3 Classification of Superabsorbent Polymer Materials (SAPs) 4 Chemical Synthesis Methods 4.1 Bulk Polymerisation 4.2 Solution Polymerisation 4.3 Suspension Polymerisation 5 Physical Synthesis Methods 6 Use of Synthetic SAPs 7 Natural Polysaccharide Based SAPs 8 Life Cycle Assessment Method 8.1 Disposal Scenarios 8.2 Standard MSW Collection 8.3 Recycling, No SAP Recovery 8.4 Recycling + SAP Recovery 9 Future Scope 10 Conclusion and Out Look References Bio-based Superabsorbent Polymer: Current Trends, Applications and Future Scope 1 Introduction 2 Sources of Bio-based SAP 2.1 Polysaccharide-Based SAPs 2.2 Protein-Based SAPs 3 Processing Technology from Development to Implementation 4 Application of Bio-based SAP 4.1 Personal Health Care and Hygiene Applications 4.2 Cosmetics and Skincare Products 4.3 Drug Delivery System 4.4 Agriculture 4.5 Wound Dressing 4.6 Waste Water Treatment 4.7 Tissue Engineering Application 5 Future Scope 6 Conclusion References