Military Communities in Late Medieval England: Essays in Honour of Andrew Ayton

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From warhorses to the men-at-arms who rode them; armies that were raised to the lords who recruited, led, administered, and financed them; and ships to the mariners who crewed them; few aspects of the organisation and logistics ofwar in late medieval England have escaped the scholarly attention, or failed to benefit from the insights, of Dr Andrew Ayton. The concept of the military community, with its emphasis on warfare as a collective social enterprise, has always lain at the heart of his work; he has shown in particular how this age of warfare is characterised by related but intersecting military communities, marked not only by the social and political relationships within armies and navies, but by communities of mind, experience, and enterprise. The essays in this volume, ranging from the late thirteenth to the early fifteenth century, address various aspects of this idea. They offer investigations of soldiers' and mariners' equipment; their obligations, functions, status, and recruitment; and the range and duration of their service. Gary P. Baker is a Research Associate at the University of East Angliaand a Researcher in History at the University of Groningen; Craig L. Lambert is Lecturer in Maritime History at the University of Southampton; David Simpkin teaches history at Birkenhead Sixth-Form College. Contributors: Gary P. Baker, Adrian R. Bell, Peter Coss, Anne Curry, Robert W. Jones, Andy King, Craig L. Lambert, Tony K. Moore, J.J.N. Palmer, Philip Preston, Michael Prestwich, Matthew Raven, Clifford J. Rogers, Nigel Saul, David Simpkin. Frontcover Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgements List of Contributors Foreword Andrew Ayton: A Brief Tribute Andrew Ayton: A Recognition of his Work Abbreviations 1 ‘Big and Beautiful’. Destriers in Edward I’s Armies 2 Cum Equis Discoopertis: The ‘Irish’ Hobelar in the English Armies of the Fourteenth Century 3 Andrew Ayton, the Military Community and the Evolution of the Gentry in Fourteenth-Century England 4 Knights Banneret, Military Recruitment and Social Status, c. 1270–c. 1420: A View from the Reign of Edward I 5 Sir Henry de Beaumont and His Retainers: The Dynamics of a Lord’s Military Retinues and Affinity in Early Fourteenth-Century England 6 Financing the Dynamics of Recruitment: King, Earls and Government in Edwardian England, 1330–60 7 The Symbolic Meaning of Edward III’s Garter Badge 8 Sir Robert Knolles’ Expedition to France in 1370: New Perspectives 9 The Organisation and Financing of English Expeditions to the Baltic during the Later Middle Ages 10 Naval Service and the Cinque Ports, 1322–1453 11 The Garrison Establishment in Lancastrian Normandy in 1436 according to Surviving Lists in Bibliothèque Nationale de France manuscrit français 25773 Bibliography of the Writings of Andrew Ayton Index Tabula Gratulatoria