Mechanical Properties of Human Tissues

Description

This monograph brings forth biomechanical research methods and outcomes on human tissue experiments such as those of the brain and the heart under a single umbrella. Different mechanical characterization techniques employed in human tissue property estimation are presented in detail. The contents also focus on a hyperelastic constitutive model (e.g., Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden) for both isotropic and anisotropic tissue characterization. It also discusses energy dissipation in soft tissues and associated viscoelasticity. Human tissues, including skin, muscles, connective tissues, and tissues in all functional organs are listed and their mechanical properties are presented in detail. These tissue properties are indispensable for computational modeling of biological systems, validation of biomechanical tissue testing, medical simulation through development of artificial phantoms and surrogates, and testing of medical devices and interventions. This book will serve as a key reference for research in tissue engineering & biomedical engineering, medical simulation, biomechanics, finite element modeling of biological systems, biomaterials, biotechnology, implant and medical device development, and healthcare wearables. Preface Contents About the Authors 1 Introduction to Human Tissues 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Mechanical Characterization Techniques 1.2.1 Linear 1.2.2 Nonlinear References 2 Skin 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Structure of Skin 2.3 Mechanical Properties of Skin 2.4 Skin Friction References 3 Muscles and Connective Tissues 3.1 Muscles 3.2 Connective Tissues 3.2.1 Tendons 3.2.2 Ligaments References 4 Tissues in Functional Organs—Low Stiffness 4.1 Brain 4.2 Tongue 4.3 Tonsils 4.4 Esophagus 4.5 Lungs 4.6 Breast 4.7 Stomach 4.8 Spleen 4.9 Summarizing Mechanical Properties of Tissues with Low Stiffness References 5 Tissues in Functional Organs—Medium Stiffness 5.1 Liver 5.2 Gallbladder 5.3 Kidney 5.4 Uterus 5.5 Summarizing Mechanical Properties of Tissues with Medium Stiffness References 6 Tissues in Functional Organs—High Stiffness 6.1 Nasal Cavity 6.2 Oral Cavity 6.3 Heart 6.4 Pancreas 6.5 Small Intestine 6.6 Colon 6.7 Vagina 6.8 Urinary Bladder 6.9 Summarizing Mechanical Properties of Tissues with High Stiffness References 7 Hyperelastic Models for Anisotropic Tissue Characterization 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Anisotropic Hyperelastic Model 7.2.1 Numerical Model 7.2.2 Modeling the Effect of Fiber and Matrix Contributions 7.2.3 Modeling the Effect of Fiber Orientation 7.2.4 Modeling the Effect of Multiple Fiber Layers at Arbitrary Orientations References 8 Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities 8.1 Applications 8.2 Challenges 8.3 Future Opportunities 8.3.1 Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Internal Organs in Normal Condition 8.3.2 Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Diseased and Damaged Tissues 8.3.3 Characterizing Tissue Anisotropy 8.3.4 Handling and Management of Tissues 8.3.5 Ethical Issues with in Vivo Testing References