Advanced Composites Engineering And Its Nano-bridging Technology: Applied Research For Polymer Composites And Nanocomposites

Description

This book applies various concepts based on practical experimental considerations to industrial fields: aerospace structure, shipbuilding and marine engineering, automotive, and elevator composites. Written by prominent authors who contribute to the success of advanced composites technology and leading influential laboratories and companies, the book includes unique concept research, recent trends, and further insights. Particular effort is made to deal with notable constituent materials of advanced composites, even nanostructures.This book deals with applied research from the basics of a rare nanomaterial called halloysite nanotube, which is environmentally friendly and leads nanomaterials in advanced industrial composite materials and functional, structural materials with high practical value. This book includes practical nano-bridging techniques on nanostructures, manufacturing, analysis, and advanced composites' applications using the research know-how accumulated over the years by prominent experts in these areas. Cover Half Title Advanced Composites Engineering And Its Nano-bridging Technology: Applied Research For Polymer Composites And Nanocomposites Copyright Preface List of Contributors Acknowledgment Contents Part 1. Introduction Advanced Composites: From What to Why Part 2. Nanomaterials and Their Experimental Approach: Nanostructures, Processing and Characterization 1. Performance-Based Optimal Designof Multi-Layered Hybrid Composites with Halloysite Nanoparticles 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 High-Performance Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Nanofiller-Fiber Hybrid Composites 1.1.2 Case Study of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for Application 1.2 HNTs Reinforced Polymer and Its Unique Features 1.2.1 Structural Characteristics of HNTs 1.2.2 FTIR Spectroscopy 1.2.3 XRD Analysis 1.2.4 TEM Micrograph 1.3 Effect of HNTs on Thermal, Hygroscopicity and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites 1.3.1 Constituent Materials of HNT Reinforced Nanocomposites and Their Properties 1.3.2 Structural Characterization 1.3.3 Thermal Analysis of the Curing Characteristics 1.3.4 Effect of HNT Crystallinity on Water Absorption and the Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) Nanocomposites 1.4 Effects of HNTs on Mechanical Strength and Flammability under Carbonization 1.5 Conclusions Acknowledgment References 2. Processing of Hierarchical-Distributed Halloysite Nanotube (HNT) Reinforced Composites by Electrophoretic Deposition 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Mechanical Approach for Hierarchical Structure 2.3 General Mechanisms of EPD 2.4 Kinetics of EPD 2.5 Fabrics Using in EPD 2.6 Deposition of HNTs as Reinforcing Additives 2.7 Particle Accumulation of EPD-Deposited HNTs During Fabrication 2.8 Effects of Surfactants and Hybrid Deposition 2.9 Conclusion References 3. Plasma-Treated Carbon Black Nanofiller for Improved Dispersion and Mechanical Properties in Electrospun Complex Nanofibers 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Plasma Treatment 3.1.2 Electrospinning Process 3.2 Experiments 3.2.1 Materials Used in the Research 3.2.1.1 Carbon Blacks (CBs) 3.2.1.2 Poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF-HFP) 3.2.1.3 N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) 3.2.2 Methods 3.2.2.1 Plasma Treatment of Nanoscale Powders 3.2.2.2 Electrospinning 3.3 Results and Discussions 3.3.1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of Nanoscale Powders 3.3.2 Particle-Size Analysis (PSA) of Nanoscale Powders 3.3.3 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) of Nanoscale Powders 3.3.4 FTIR Spectrum of Nano-Scale Powders 3.3.5 Morphologies of Complex Nanofibers 3.3.6 Elemental Composition and Distribution Analysis of Complex Nanofibers 3.3.7 Surface Chemical Bonding States of Complex Nanofibers 3.3.8 The Mechanical Behavior of Electrospun Complex Nanofibers 3.4 Conclusions References Part 3. Fracture Mechanics for Advanced Composites: Polymer Composites, Laminated Composites and Nanocomposites 4. Characteristics of Up-Cycling Fibers Using Slag: Fiberization Process, Mechanical Properties 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Raw Materials 4.2.1 Result of XRF Analysis 4.2.2 Result of XRD 4.2.3 Result of TG/DTA 4.2.4 Conclusion 4.3 Spinning Viscosity 4.3.1 Urbain Model 4.3.2 Prediction of Viscosity 4.3.3 Conclusion 4.4 Spinning 4.4.1 Spinning Machine 4.4.2 Spinning Process 4.4.3 Conclusion 4.5 Slag Fiber Properties 4.5.1 Environment Properties 4.5.2 Tensile Strength Properties 4.5.3 Acid and Alkalinity Properties of Slag Fiber 4.5.4 Conclusion 4.6 Slag Fiber Absorption Behavior 4.6.1 Experimental Absorption Behavior 4.6.2 Moisture Absorption Behavior of BFRP and SFRP 4.6.3 Mechanical Properties and Failure Analysis Under Tensile Loading 4.6.4 Morphological Structure Observation 4.6.5 Conclusion 4.7 Conclusions References 5. Fatigue Strength of Fiber Reinforced Composites Made of Carbon Fibers, Glass Fibers and Other Fibers 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Comparison of Fatigue Properties of CFRTP and Aluminum Alloy 5.3 Effects of Frequency Rate and Temperature on Fatigue Strength of Composite Materials 5.4 The Effect of Notch on the Fatigue Strength of Composite Materials 5.5 Effect of Fiber Orientation on Fatigue Strength of Composite Materials 5.6 The Effect of Fiber Content on the Fatigue Strength of Composite Materials 5.7 Effects of Humidity and Chemical Aging on Fatigue Strength of Composite Materials 5.8 Electron Microscopic Observation of Fatigue Fracture Surface of Composite Materials 5.9 Conclusions References 6. Corrosion and Tribological Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials 6.1 Corrosion of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials 6.1.1 Chemical Stability of Basalt Fibers 6.1.2 Tensile Behavior of Basalt Fibers 6.1.3 Corrosion Process of Basalt Fibers in NaOH Solution 6.1.4 Conclusion 6.2 Tribological Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials 6.2.1 Weight Change According to the Concentration of Sulfuric Acid Aqueous Solution and Time 6.2.2 Friction and Wear Characteristics of Specimens before Corrosion 6.2.3 Frictional Wear Characteristics According to the Concentration of Sulfuric Acid Aqueous Solution at 150 h 6.2.4 Friction and Wear Characteristics According to the Concentration of Sulfuric Acid Aqueous Solution at 250 h 6.2.5 Friction and Wear Characteristics According to the Concentration of Sulfuric Acid Aqueous Solution at 500 h 6.2.6 Friction and Wear Characteristics According to the Concentration of Sulfuric Acid Aqueous Solution at 720 h 6.2.7 Conclusions References Part 4. In situ Characterization and Applications 7. Application of Composite in Aerospace Structure 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Autoclave Process 7.2.1 The Cure Process 7.2.2 Cure Cycle 7.2.3 Case Study of Solving Void Issue of a Composite Part Fabricated by Autoclave Process 7.3 VBO Process 7.3.1 Case Study of Effect of Preprocessing for Efficient VBO Process 7.4 RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) 7.5 Thermoplastic Composite Technology 7.5.1 Thermoplastic Composite 7.5.2 Thermoforming Process 7.5.2.1 Preheating 7.5.2.2 Transfer 7.5.2.3 Forming 7.5.2.4 Consolidation and Cooling 7.5.3 Auto-Consolidation Technology 7.6 Conclusions References 8. Application of Composite Materials for Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Background for Application of Composite Materials in Shipbuilding and Marine Industries 8.1.2 Application Examples of Parts and Systems of Composite Materials Applied to Shipbuilding and Marine Industries 8.1.3 The Importance and Growth of High-Molecular Composite Materials for Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering 8.1.4 Composite Material Propulsion Shaft Technology Applied to Shipbuilding and Marine Industries 8.1.5 Research Purpose and Contents 8.2 Design of the Composites Intermediate Shaft 8.2.1 Determination for the Dimension of the Hollow Shaft Tube Made of the Composite Material According to the Diameter Ratio 8.2.2 Dimension Decision Theory 8.2.3 Derivation of Optimum Diameter Ratio 8.2.4 Determine the Optimal Stacking Angle 8.2.5 Determination of Stacking Angle of Composites Propulsion Shaft Tube 8.2.5.1 Relationship between Stress and Strain According to the Winding Angle of the Propulsion Shaft Applied with the Composite Material — 1 ,800 kN · m 8.2.5.2 Relationship between Stress and Strain According to the Winding Angle of the Propulsion Shaft Applied with the Composite Material — 4 ,500 kN · m 8.3 Torsional Test of Composites Tube 8.3.1 Manufacturing of a Composite Material Tube by Filament Winding Method 8.3.1.1 Base Material (Matrix) 8.3.1.2 Reinforcing Material (Reinforcement) 8.3.2 Manufacturing Method for Composites Tube Specimen Using Filament Winding Process 8.4 Materials and Model of the Composites Shaft 8.4.1 Material Properties 8.4.2 Analysis of Laminate 8.4.3 The Finite Element Model 8.5 Results and Discussions 8.5.1 The Effect of Winding Angle 8.5.2 Torsion Experiment 8.5.3 The Result of Tsai–Wu Failure Criteria 8.5.4 The Modal Analysis Results 8.5.5 Campbell’s Diagram Results 8.6 Conclusions 8.6.1 The Analysis of Laminate 8.6.2 The Finite Element Analysis 8.6.3 The Effect of Winding Angle Acknowledgments References 9. Automotive and Elevator Composite Structures 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Composite Applications in Automotives and Elevator 9.3 Design of Automotive and Lift Structures by Composites 9.4 Development Examples of Automotive and Lift Structures 9.4.1 Development of Automotive Components by Aluminum Composites 9.4.2 Development of Automotive Components by CFRP 9.4.3 Development of Elevator Cabin by Composites 9.4.4 Development of Elevator Rope by CFRP 9.5 Conclusions References