Cochlear Implantation for Common Cavity Deformity

Description

The common cavity deformity (CCD) of the inner ear is characterized by cochlea and vestibule forming a single cavity. It indicates cochlear implantation (CI) and about 15% to 25% of inner ear malformation. However, complications such as facial nerve injury, penetration of the electrode array into the internal auditory canal (IAC) and electrode displacement are common, leading to unsatisfied outcomes. This book describes the embryology of CCD, preoperative auditory, balance and vestibular evaluation, and electrophysiology and radiology aspect for CCD. In addition, the surgical technique and CI outcomes will be focused. The electrode array design is also a highlight for CCD surgery, and will be discussed in details. Last but not least, the balance and vestibular function research of CCD patients before and after surgery is also thoroughly reviewed. It will be a good reference for otologist and practitioners in related field to understand more about CCD. Foreword Foreword Preface Contents 1: Embryology of Inner Ear Malformation Types and its Radiological Relevance 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Embryology of Inner Ear 1.3 Inner Ear Malformation Types and Time of Developmental Arrest 1.4 Conclusion References 2: Preoperative Audiological Evaluation and Auditory Training for Patients with Common Cavity Deformity 2.1 Assessment of Objective Hearing 2.2 Assessment of Subjective Hearing 2.3 Electrically Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses 2.4 Preoperative Auditory Training 2.5 Auditory Training Methods 2.5.1 Auditory Training Theory 2.5.2 Strategies of Auditory Enlightenment 2.6 Conclusion References 3: Radiological Aspect of Common Cavity Deformity 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Role of Imaging in Common Cavity Deformity 3.2.1 Common Cavity in CT 3.2.2 MRI in Visualizing the Nerve Structure in the IAC 3.3 Importance of Intra- and/or Postoperative Imaging in CC 3.4 Correlation between Radiological Findings and CI Outcomes 3.5 Multiplanar Volume Rendering (MPVR) Technique in the Assessment of Electrode Location and CI Outcomes 3.6 Conclusion References 4: Electrode Array Design and Surgical Technique in Common Cavity Deformity 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Anatomy of Common Cavity 4.3 Geometry of CC 4.4 Neuroanatomy of CC 4.5 Electrode Insertion Complications with CC 4.6 Customized Electrode Choice 4.7 Surgical Approach in Electrode Placement 4.8 Effective Location for Providing Electrical Stimulation Inside the Cavity 4.9 Conclusion References 5: Cochlear Implantation Technique for Common Cavity Deformity 5.1 Surgical Approaches 5.1.1 The Transmastoid Facial Recess Approach 5.1.2 Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy Approach 5.1.3 Transmastoid Labyrinthotomy Approach 5.1.4 Double Posterior Labyrinthotomy Approach 5.1.5 Single-Slit Labyrinthotomy 5.2 Intraoperative Monitoring for CCD 5.2.1 Electrically Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses 5.2.2 Auditory Nerve Response Telemetry 5.3 Case Reports 5.3.1 Case 1 5.3.2 Case 2 5.3.3 Case 3 5.3.4 Case 4 5.4 Conclusion References 6: Cochlear Implantation Complications and the Management for Common Cavity Deformity 6.1 Cerebrospinal Fluid Gusher 6.1.1 Electrode Insertion Time 6.1.2 Use of Soft Tissue 6.1.3 Custom Made Electrode with “Cork” Stopper 6.1.4 Postoperative Treatment 6.2 Facial Nerve Injury 6.3 Facial Nerve Stimulation 6.4 Electrode Displacement 6.5 Vestibular Stimulation 6.6 Conclusion References 7: Programming Cochlear Implants for Common Cavity Deformity 7.1 Programming Content 7.1.1 Measure Electrodes Impedance 7.1.2 Selecting Sound Processing Strategy and Stimulus Parameters 7.1.3 Threshold Level Measurement 7.1.4 Upper-Stimulation Levels 7.1.5 Loudness Balancing 7.1.6 Pitch Scaling 7.1.7 Testing the MAP 7.2 Tips for Programming of Common Cavity Deformity 7.3 Cases 7.3.1 Case 1 7.3.2 Case 2 References 8: Outcomes of Common Cavity Deformity After Cochlear Implantation 8.1 Speech Perception Assessment 8.1.1 Parent Report Scales 8.1.2 Detection Discrimination Recognition Comprehension 8.1.3 Speech Perception Tests 8.2 Auditory and Speech Outcomes of CCD 8.2.1 Overall Auditory and Speech Outcomes 8.2.2 Longitudinal CCD’s Auditory and Speech Outcomes 8.2.2.1 Comparison with Normal Cochlea 8.2.2.2 Comparison with Other Malformation 8.3 Longitudinal CCD’s Auditory and Speech Outcomes of Our Research 8.3.1 Hearing Results 8.3.2 Speech Results 8.3.3 Comparison of Hearing and Speech Perception 8.3.4 Correlation of Hearing and Speech Perception 8.3.5 Speech Perception Tests 8.4 Conclusion References 9: Balance Function of Patients with Common Cavity Deformity 9.1 Concept of Balance Function 9.2 Assessment Methods of Balance Function 9.2.1 Static Balance Function Tests 9.2.1.1 Measurement of Standing Balance 9.2.2 Dynamic Balance Function 9.2.3 Computed Dynamic Posturography 9.2.4 Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 9.3 The Balance Function of Inner Ear Malformation and CCD 9.4 Balance Function after Cochlear Implantation 9.5 Conclusion References 10: Vestibular Function of Patient with Common Cavity Deformity 10.1 Vestibular Assessment Methods 10.1.1 The Caloric Test 10.1.2 The Rotatory Test 10.1.3 The Video Head Impulse Test 10.1.4 The Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Test 10.1.5 The Dizziness Handicap Inventory 10.1.6 The Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire 10.2 Vestibular Function Pre- and Post-Cochlear Implantation Surgery 10.3 Vestibular Function of Common Cavity Deformity 10.4 Conclusion References