Smart Road Infrastructure: Innovative technologies

Description

Smart roads are road infrastructures with integrated structural materials, sensors, information centres, and energy systems. They are intended to extend the road's service life and performance, reduce safety risks, and improve service quality. Several smart road pilot projects have been initiated, such as precast pavements with integrated optical fibres, self-healing asphalt material, self-snow-melting systems and solar pavements. Smart roads are likely to play an important role in future sustainable transport systems and supplying data for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). This book brings together the latest research into technologies for novel and smart road infrastructures. Coverage includes road surface technologies, techniques for road-based energy harvesting, sustainable pavement approaches, informatization of the road, and use of the data gained for various cloud-based services including ITS. A systematic guide to an emerging topic, this book is aimed particularly at researchers in academia and industry, including those working for ITS providers and organizations. It will also be of use to practitioners in ITS organizations and governmental transport agencies. Cover Contents About the editor 1 Smart road: concept and architecture 1.1 Development demand and tendency of road intellectualization 1.1.1 Development demand 1.1.1.1 Development demand for future intelligent transportation system 1.1.1.2 Development demand for intelligent connected vehicles 1.1.1.3 Development demand for service performance 1.1.1.4 Development demand for sustainable development 1.1.2 Development tendency 1.1.2.1 Development tendency for intelligent transportation 1.1.2.2 Development tendency for intelligent connected vehicles 1.1.2.3 Development tendency for service performance 1.1.2.4 Development tendency for sustainable development 1.1.3 Development characteristics 1.2 Concept and definition of smart road 1.2.1 Basic requirements of smart road 1.2.1.1 Requirements of intelligent capability 1.2.1.2 Requirements of connected service 1.2.1.3 Requirements of service performance 1.2.1.4 Requirements of sustainable development 1.2.2 Basic elements of smart road 1.2.3 Intelligent capabilities of smart road 1.2.3.1 Active perception 1.2.3.2 Automatic discrimination 1.2.3.3 Self-adaptation 1.2.3.4 Dynamic interaction 1.2.4 Definition of smart road 1.2.5 Intelligence rating system of smart road 1.3 Architecture of smart road 1.3.1 Physical architecture 1.3.2 Information organization 1.3.3 Functional system 1.3.4 Service architecture 1.4 Technological systems of smart road 1.4.1 Perception technologies 1.4.2 Discrimination technologies of sensing information 1.4.3 Self-adaption technology 1.4.4 Dynamic interaction technologies 1.4.5 Continuous energy supply technologies 1.4.6 Construction and management technologies References 2 Pavement technology for autonomous driving 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Automatic driving positioning and navigation of road surface 2.2.1 Electromagnetic navigation 2.2.2 Permanent magnet navigation 2.2.2.1 Magnetic spike navigation 2.2.2.2 Tape navigation 2.2.2.3 Magnetic Spike and Tape Mixed Navigation 2.2.3 Magnetic pavement materials 2.2.4 Embedded RF tag navigation road surface 2.3 Automatic driving information self-sensing road surface 2.3.1 Self-perception of road weather 2.3.2 Traffic information self-sensing road surface 2.3.3 Self-powered technology of embedded sensor 2.4 Self-charging road surface for autonomous driving vehicles 2.4.1 Requirements for pavement materials for wireless charging 2.4.2 Structural requirements of wireless charging pavement 2.5 Autonomous road surface construction technology 2.5.1 Prefabricated pavement technology 2.5.2 BIM technology and 3D printing technology 2.6 Nontechnical obstacles on the road surface of automatic driving 2.6.1 Policy 2.6.2 High cost and market uncertainty 2.6.3 Potential traffic and environmental problems 2.6.4 Social equity 2.6.5 Privacy and accident liability 2.6.6 Chicken-and-egg issues for vehicles and road infrastructure 2.7 Conclusion References 3 Prefabricated smart pavement 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Precast pavement 3.2.1 Precast slab pavement 3.2.2 Curved precast pavement 3.3 Functional precast pavement 3.3.1 Prefabricated self-luminous pavement 3.3.1.1 Introduction 3.3.1.2 Self-luminous road surface 3.3.1.3 Outlook 3.3.2 Super-hydrophobic anti-icing pavement 3.3.2.1 Introduction 3.3.2.2 Super-hydrophobic anti-icing pavement 3.3.2.3 Future work 3.3.3 Color-adaptive color-changing pavement 3.3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.3.2 Test design and preparation of discoloration asphalt adhesive 3.3.3.3 Research on the performance of different discoloration asphalt 3.3.3.4 Conclusion 3.3.4 Research on porous elastic low noise pavement based on rock asphalt and POE-modified asphalt 3.3.4.1 Introduction 3.3.4.2 Test raw materials and mixture ratio design 3.3.4.3 Conclusion References 4 Real-time accurate positioning technology in intelligent transportation scenes 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Background 4.1.2 Necessity and research purpose 4.1.3 Technology overview 4.2 RTLS technologies 4.2.1 Outdoor positioning service technologies 4.2.2 Indoor positioning technology 4.2.2.1 Inertial navigation 4.2.2.2 Visual positioning technology 4.2.2.3 Bluetooth 4.2.2.4 RFID technology 4.2.2.5 Traditional UWB technology 4.2.2.6 DL-TDOA technology 4.3 Real-time positioning system in tunnel by using out technologies’ possibility 4.3.1 GNSS technology 4.3.2 Inertial navigation 4.4 DL-TDOA based on UWB realizes automated RTLS 4.4.1 DL-TDOA 4.4.2 The conversion of coordinates of positions within a tunnel to longitude and latitude 4.4.2.1 Positioning accuracy reference equipment 4.4.2.2 Point error and accuracy evaluation index 4.5 Field verification 4.5.1 System network architecture 4.5.2 Simulation test setup 4.5.2.1 Test field layout 4.6 Evaluation method considering dynamic and static 4.6.1 Static accuracy evaluation method 4.6.2 Dynamic accuracy evaluation method 4.6.3 Accuracy evaluation method considering dynamic and static state 4.7 Conclusion References 5 “Smart Site” dynamic monitoring system of highway engineering quality 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Introduction of “Smart Site” system 5.1.2 Research status of “Smart Site” system 5.1.3 Framework and key technologies of “Smart Site” system 5.1.3.1 BIM technology 5.1.3.2 Internet of Things technology 5.1.3.3 Intelligent technology 5.1.3.4 Mobile Internet technology 5.1.3.5 Cloud computing technology 5.1.3.6 Big data technology 5.2 “Smart Site” dynamic monitoring system of engineering quality for Su Hua highway 5.2.1 Real-time quality monitoring system for mixing plant 5.2.2 Transport vehicle supervision system 5.2.3 Real-time quality monitoring system of asphalt paving and rolling 5.2.4 Face recognition management system for workers 5.2.5 Hidden engineering quality management system 5.2.6 Laboratory automatic test system 5.2.7 Highway engineering quality and progress display system References 6 Smart road in China 6.1 Introduction to smart highway 6.1.1 Development background of smart highway in China 6.1.2 Definition 6.1.3 Contents of smart highway construction 6.1.3.1 Infrastructure 6.1.3.2 Application 6.1.3.3 Information security 6.1.4 Smart highway pilot project 6.1.4.1 Pilot direction 6.1.4.2 Pilot theme 6.2 Smart highway construction scheme in Jiangsu Province of China 6.2.1 General idea of smart highway 6.2.1.1 Short-term goals 6.2.1.2 Long-term goals 6.2.1.3 Construction principles of smart highway 6.2.1.4 Overall structure of smart highway 6.2.2 Perception of all elements of smart highway 6.2.2.1 General provisions 6.2.2.2 Monitoring of main road and auxiliary facilities 6.2.2.3 Traffic operation status monitoring 6.2.2.4 Highway meteorological environment monitoring 6.2.3 Full service 6.2.3.1 General provisions 6.2.3.2 Lane-level service 6.2.3.3 All-weather traffic 6.2.3.4 Free-flow pricing 6.2.3.5 Transit information release 6.2.3.6 Smart service area 6.2.4 Whole business management 6.2.4.1 General provisions 6.2.4.2 Construction management 6.2.4.3 Operation monitoring 6.2.4.4 Emergency command 6.2.4.5 Maintenance management 6.2.4.6 Charge management 6.2.4.7 Decision support 6.2.4.8 Cloud control platform 6.2.5 Vehicle infrastructure cooperation and automatic driving 6.2.5.1 Vehicle infrastructure cooperation 6.2.5.2 Automatic driving 6.2.6 Support 6.2.6.1 General provisions 6.2.6.2 Facility power supply 6.2.6.3 Converged communication 6.2.6.4 Data center 6.2.6.5 Service center 6.2.6.6 Information safety 6.3 Development problems of smart highway 6.4 Visual analysis system of pavement maintenance management 6.4.1 Pavement maintenance management system 6.4.2 Visual maintenance decision system of Fujian Expressway 6.4.2.1 System function 6.4.2.2 Data visualization 6.4.2.3 Database technology 6.4.2.4 Visual human–computer interaction-aided decision-making design References 7 Analysis of resonant rubblizing technology and its energy absorption mechanism 7.1 Introduction 7.2 “White to Black” rubblizing technology 7.3 The advantage of resonant rubblizing method 7.4 Principles of asphalt layer layup by resonance rubblizing technology 7.5 Conclusion References Index Back Cover