Clifford A Pickover Artificial Intelligence An Illustrated History From Medieval Robots to Neural Networks Sterling 2019

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Books by Clifford A. Pickover Title Page Copyright Contents Introduction c. 1300 BCE: Tic-Tac-Toe c. 400 BCE: Talos c. 350 BCE: Aristotle’s Organon c. 250 BCE: Ktesibios’s Water Clock c. 190 BCE: Abacus c. 125 BCE: Antikythera Mechanism 1206: al-Jazari’s Automata c. 1220: Lancelot’s Copper Knights c. 1300: Hesdin Mechanical Park c. 1305: Ramon Llull’s Ars Magna 1352: Religious Automata c. 1495: da Vinci’s Robot Knight 1580: Golem 1651: Hobbes’s Leviathan 1714: The Consciousness Mill 1726: Lagado Book-Writing Engine 1738: de Vaucanson’s Duck Automaton 1770: Mechanical Turk 1774: Jaquet-Droz Automata 1818: Frankenstein 1821: Computational Creativity 1822: Babbage’s Mechanical Computer 1844: “The Artist of the Beautiful” 1854: Boolean Algebra 1863: “Darwin among the Machines” 1868: The Steam Man of the Prairies 1883: Tower of Hanoi 1893: Electric Bob’s Big Black Ostrich 1898: Tesla’s “Borrowed Mind” 1907: Tik-Tok 1907: Searches for the Soul 1913: Optical Character Recognition (OCR) 1920: Rossum’s Universal Robots 1927: Metropolis 1939: Elektro the Moto-Man 1939: Speech Synthesis 1942: Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics 1942: Lethal Military Robots 1943: Artificial Neural Networks 1946: ENIAC 1949: Giant Brains, or Machines That Think 1950: Turing Test 1950: The Human Use of Human Beings 1951: Reinforcement Learning 1952: Speech Recognition 1954: Natural Language Processing 1956: Dartmouth AI Workshop 1957: Perceptron 1957: Transhumanism 1959: Machine Learning 1959: Knowledge Representation and Reasoning 1960: Licklider’s “Man-Computer Symbiosis” 1964: ELIZA Psychotherapist 1964: Face Recognition 1965: Intelligence Explosion 1965: Expert Systems 1965: Fuzzy Logic 1965: Deep Learning 1966: Shakey the Robot 1967: Living in a Simulation 1968: Cybernetic Serendipity 1968: HAL 9000 1970: Mastermind 1970: Colossus: The Forbin Project 1971: SHRDLU 1972: Paranoid PARRY 1975: Genetic Algorithms 1976: Ethics of AI 1979: Backgammon Champion Defeated 1980: Chinese Room 1982: Blade Runner 1984: Autonomous Vehicles 1984: The Terminator 1986: Artificial Life 1986: Swarm Intelligence 1988: Moravec’s Paradox 1988: Connect Four 1990: “Elephants Don’t Play Chess” 1993: Leakproof “AI Box” 1994: Checkers and AI 1996: Tamagotchi 1997: Deep Blue Defeats Chess Champion 1997: Othello 1999: AIBO Robot 2000: ASIMO and Friends 2001: Spielberg’s A.I. Artificial Intelligence 2002: Solving the Game of Awari 2002: Roomba 2003: Paperclip Maximizer Catastrophe 2006: Quackle’s Scrabble Win 2011: Watson on Jeopardy! 2015: Computer Art and DeepDream 2015: “Call Them Artificial Aliens” 2015: AI on Mars 2016: AlphaGo Go Champion 2016: Autonomous Robotic Surgery 2017: AI Poker 2018: Adversarial Patches 2018: Rubik’s Cube Robots 2019: AI Death Predictor Notes and References Image Credits About the Author