Communication Dynamics Of Civil Movements /Organisation, Mobilisation, Protests/

Description

Content Actors and Agoras of Change: Civil Movements and Their Communication Dynamic 11 Introduction 14 I. A Society of Organisations, Civil Movements and Institutions . 21 1.1. Communities and Organisations – Characteristics and Classification . 22 1.2. Institutions . 27 1.2.1. Formal and Informal Constraints 28 1.2.2. Institutions and organisations – similarities and differences 32 1.3. Formal and Informal organisations . 34 1.4. Non-Governmental Organisations . 40 1.5. Civil Movements . 46 1.5.1. Civil Movements – Characteristics 48 1.5.2. Civil movements and other types of collective action . 54 1.5.3. Civil movements and parties (political organisations) 56 1.5.4. Civil movements and organisations 58 1.5.5. Types of civil movements 59 1.5.6. Subcultures – from communities to civil movements . 63 1.5.7. Subcultures in Bulgaria . 65 1.6 Civil movements in Bulgaria 70 1.6.1. Environmental movements 73 1.6.2. Nationalist movements . 75 1.6.3. Internet movements 77 1.6.4. Social needs – a source of mobilisation 80 1.6.5. Consumer movements 80 1.6.6. Political movements 82 1.6.7. Occupational movements 84 1.6.8. Gender and culture movements—lifestyle (New Age) movements 85 1.6.9. Nomadism in Bulgarian movements — seeking an identity . 87 Summary and conclusions 89 II. CIVIL MOVEMENT THEORIES — SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION EFFECTS . 93 2.1. Outlining concepts of the occurrence of movements . 94 2.1.1. Poverty and deprivation of civil rights—social factors for the occurrence of movements . 94 2.1.2. Cultural symbols — a source of civil mobilisation 96 2.1.3. The concept of mobilisation through resources 98 2.1.4. Social strain — a source of mobilisation energy . 99 2.1.5. Political and economic theory of the emergence of civil movements . 102 2.2. The movements from within—organisation, coordination and action 105 2.2.1. Enemies and supporters of civil movements . 105 2.2.2. Motivation to participate in civil movements 108 2.2.3. Horizontalism—for a new society 113 2.2.4. Stages in the development of civil movements 118 2.2.5. Leadership in civil movements 124 2.3. Protest—organisation communication pattern, action . 126 2.3.1. Protest architecture . 127 2.3.2. Protest strategy and tactics 132 2.4. Focus on civil movements . 142 2.4.1. Movements as a necessity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 2.4.2. The challenges facing civil movements in Bulgaria 146 2.4.3. Social sensitivity and organised action . 150 2.4.4. We and They . 152 2.4.5. Social networks—platforms for collective topics . 156 Summary and conclusions 161 III. COMMUNICATION AND CHANGE — MEDIA RIPPLES 165 3.1. The communication environment—asymmetries and crossborder influences . 166 3.2. Civil movements and media 174 3.2.1. Global activism for a global network . 175 3.2.2. Alternative or activist media 176 Summary and conclusions . 182 IV. CONFLICTS. COMMUNICATION DURING A CRISIS: CASCADING EFFECTS 185 4.1. Risk and communication during a crisis — social scenarios 186 4.1.1. The risk — a sign that change is possible 187 4.2.2. Communication during a crisis . 188 4.1.3. Typology of crises 192 4.2. Communication of Civil Movements: Cascade Effects during a Crisis 194 4.2.1. Civil Movements and Social Tension Processes . 194 4.2.2. Cascade Effects . 197 4.2.3. Identification of Social Resonators 200 4.2.4. Communication in Conflict Zones . 201 4.2.5. Navigation of Cascade Effects 203 4.2.6. Heuristics of Deductive Reasoning 204 4.2.7. Crisis Navigation – Working with Movements . 207 Summary and Conclusions 212 Conclusion . 214 Bibliography . 218 Monographs 218 Research Papers . 225 Online Sources 231 Appendix 237