Mobilizing the Russian Nation: Patriotism and Citizenship in the First World War

Description

The First World War had a devastating impact on the Russian state, yet relatively little is known about the ways in which ordinary Russians experienced and viewed this conflict. Melissa Kirschke Stockdale presents the first comprehensive study of the Great War's influence on Russian notions of national identity and citizenship. Drawing on a vast array of sources, the book examines the patriotic and nationalist organizations which emerged during the war, the role of the Russian Orthodox Church, the press and the intelligentsia in mobilizing Russian society, the war's impact on the rights of citizens, and the new, democratized ideas of Russian nationhood which emerged both as a result of the war and of the 1917 revolution. Russia's war experience is revealed as a process that helped consolidate in the Russian population a sense of membership in a great national community, rather than being a test of patriotism which they failed. Cover Half-title Series information Title page Copyright information Table of contents List of Figures Acknowledgments Note on Usage and Translation Chronology Introduction Mobilizing a Nation: Patriotism and Citizenship in Russia’s Great War, 1914-1918 Origins and Structure Sources and Definitions 1 A Sacred Union: Patriotic Narratives and the Language of Inclusion The Union of Tsar and People Peoples and Parties United Mobilization and Mass Sentiment A Second Fatherland War Controlling Information in Wartime Conclusions 2 National Mobilization: Government, Propaganda, and the Press Moving Images: The Skobelev Committee Publicizing Enemy Atrocities Reaching a Mass Audience ‘‘Selling’’ the War Making Russians Heroes Conclusions 3 ‘‘On the Altar of the Fatherland’’: The Orthodox Church and the Language of Sacrifice The Church on the Eve of the War Mobilizing Altruism Sacred-Secular Rituals Uniting the Nation Disseminating Patriotism The Church and the Army The Language of Sacrifice The Meaning of the War An Ambiguous Sacred Union Reception of the Narrative Conclusions 4 ‘‘All for the War!’’: War Relief and the Language of Citizenship Nationwide Networks of Relief The Politics of Service and Giving Mobilizing Resources Conclusions 5 United in Gratitude: Honoring Soldiers and Defining the Nation Obligations Owed Every (Worthy) Soldier Memorializing Fallen Soldiers Recognizing and Rewarding Soldiers Creating a Patriotic National Holiday ‘‘The Era of the Peasant Citizen’’ Conclusions 6 Fantasies of Treason: Sorting Out Membership in the Russian National Community Spymania The Poles and the Sacred Union of Peoples ‘‘Traitors and Betrayers’’: The Jews Countering the Narrative of Treason Unite or Exclude? The Fatherland Patriotic Union and the Right Fears of German Dominance Exclude and Expropriate Germans by Faith Other Internal Enemies Conclusions 7 ‘‘For Freedom and the Fatherland’’: Shaping Citizens in Revolutionary 1917 New Institutions, New Rights Framing the Patriotic National Discourse Enlightening a Liberated Citizenry Women Citizen-Soldiers Conclusions Conclusion Constructing ‘‘Sacred Union’’ Subjects into Citizens The Revolutionary Nation Postwar ‘‘Demobilization’’ Select Bibliography Archival Sources Bakhmeteff Archive of Russian and East European Culture,Columbia University, New York Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF), Moscow Hoover Institution Archives on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford, CA Library of Congress, Photography and Graphics Division, Washington, DC Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Arkhiv (RGIA) Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Voenno-istoricheskii Arkhiv (RGVIA), Moscow Russian Newspapers and Periodicals Published Primary Sources Secondary Sources Index