Papermaking in Britain 1488–1988: A Short History

Description

This short history tells the story of five hundred years of papermaking against the general background of the coming of paper and printing in Britain, through the major developments of the Industrial Revolution, up to the technological advances which have made possible the enormous high-speed paper machines of the present day. Cover Half-title Title Copyright Contents Foreword Acknowledgements I This Paper Thynne, John Tate II Paper of High Grade, Papermaking before 1500 Raw Materials and Their Preparation Beating Forming the Sheet Western Techniques of Papermaking Pressing, Drying and Sizing III The Art of Watermarking IV A New Industry Emerges, 1500-1800 Import of Rags, 1725-1800 Taxation Comparative Weight of Customs and Excise Duties, 1714 and 1752 Customs and Excise Duties, 1794-1801 V The Whatmans and Wove Paper VI The Origins of Wallpaper Customs House Records 1774 VII The Development of the Fourdrinier Paper Machine Nicholas Louis Robert (1761-1828) The Patents Later Patents The Papermaking Machine The Formation of the Sheet Later Developments VIII Rival Machines for Making Paper John Dickinson, 1782-1869 IX The Nineteenth Century: Demand Outstrips Rag Supplies Import Duties on Paper, Board and Rags, 1802-1861 Excise on Paper and Board, 1802-61 Paper Production in the United Kingdom X Esparto and Other Types of Pulp Imports of Esparato Wood as a Fibre Source Mechanical Wood Pulp Thermo-Mechanical Pulp Chemical Wood Pulp The Soda Process The Sulphate Process The Sulphite Process British Imports of Wood Pulp Imports of Wood Pulp 1938-1973 in 000 tons XI The Paper Machine Matures Growth During the Nineteenth Century New Sources of Power Improvements to Papermaking Machinery XII Watermarks on Papermachines XIII The Twentieth Century The Background Water Treatment Pulp Preparation The Evolution of the Fourdrinier Machine The Dry End M. G. Machines Board Machines Computer Control The Most Recent Trends Paper Today Bibliography Glossary Notes Index Addendum