Interviewing: Principles and Practices

Description

Interviewing: Principles and Practices, the most widely used text for the interviewing course, continues to reflect the growing sophistication with which interviewing is being approached, incorporating the ever-expanding body of research in all types of interview settings, recent communication theory, and the importance of equal opportunity laws on interviewing practices. It provides the most thorough treatment of the basics of interviewing, including the complex interpersonal communication process, types and uses of questions, and the structuring of interviews from opening to closing. Title Contents 1 Introduction to Interviewing The Essential Elements of Interviews Interactional Process Parties Purpose Questions Exercise #1—What Is and Is Not an Interview? Traditional Forms of Interviewing Information-Giving Interviews Information-Gathering Interviews Selection Interviews Reviewing the Interviewee’s Behavior Reviewing the Interviewer’s Behavior Persuasion Nontraditional Forms of Interviewing The Focus Group Interview The Telephone Interview The Videoconference Interview The E-Mail Interview The Virtual Interview SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS AN INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES 2 An Interpersonal Communication Process Two Parties in the Interview Relational Dimensions Global Relationships Gender in Relationships Interchanging Roles during Interviews Directive Approach Nondirective Approach Combination of Approaches Perceptions of Interviewer and Interviewee Perceptions of Self Perceptions of the Other Party Communication Interactions Levels of Interactions Gender, Culture, and Self-Disclosure Verbal Interactions Nonverbal Interactions Feedback Listening for Comprehension Listening for Empathy Listening for Evaluation Listening for Resolution The Interview Situation Initiating the Interview Perceptions Time of Day, Week, and Year Place Surroundings Territoriality Outside Forces SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS AN INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES 3 Questions and Their Uses Open and Closed Questions Open Questions Closed Questions Primary and Probing Questions Types of Probing Questions Skillful Interviewing with Probing Questions Exercise #1—Supply the Probing Question Neutral and Leading Questions Loaded Questions Exercise #2—Identifi cation of Questions Common Question Pitfalls The Bipolar Trap The Tell Me Everything The Open-to-Closed Switch The Double-Barreled Inquisition The Leading Push The Guessing Game The Yes (No) Response The Curious Probe The Quiz Show Complexity vs. Simplicity The Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Exercise #3—What Are the Pitfalls in These Questions? SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS AN INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES 4 Structuring the Interview The Body of the Interview Interview Guide Interview Schedules Exercise #1—Interview Schedules Question Sequences Opening the Interview The Two-Step Process Verbal Opening Techniques Nonverbal Communication in Openings Exercise #2—Interview Openings Closing the Interview Guidelines for Closing Interviews Closing Techniques Nonverbal Closing Actions Exercise #3—Interview Closings SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS AN INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES 5 The Informational Interview Preparing the Interview Determining Your Goal Researching the Topic Structuring the Interview Selecting Interviewees and Interviewers Selecting Interviewees Selecting Interviewers Relationship of Interviewer and Interviewee Opening the Interview Conducting the Interview Motivating Interviewees Asking Questions Note Taking and Recording Handling Diffi cult Situations Handling Diffi cult Interviewees Closing the Interview Preparing the Report or Story The Interviewee in the Probing Interview Doing Homework Understanding the Relationship Awareness of the Situation Anticipating Questions Listening to Questions Answering Strategically SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS A PROBING INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS PROBING ROLE-PLAYING CASES STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES 6 The Survey Interview Purpose and Research Determining Purpose Conducting Research Structuring the Interview Interview Guide and Schedule The Opening The Closing Survey Questions Phrasing Questions Sample Question Development Probing Questions Question Strategies Question Scales Question Sequences Selecting Interviewees Defi ning the Population Sampling Principles Sampling Techniques Selecting and Training Interviewers Number Needed Qualifi cations Personal Characteristics Training Interviewers Conducting Survey Interviews Pretesting the Interview Interviewing Face-to-Face Interviewing by Telephone Interviewing through the Internet Coding, Tabulation, and Analysis Coding and Tabulation Analysis The Respondent in Survey Interviews The Opening The Question Phase SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS A SURVEY INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS SURVEY ROLE-PLAYING CASES STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES 7 The Recruiting Interview Where to Find Good Applicants Preparing the Recruiting Effort Reviewing EEO Laws Exercise #1—Testing Your Knowledge of EEO Laws Developing an Applicant Profi le Assessing What Applicants Want Obtaining and Reviewing Information on Applicants Application Forms Resumes Cover Letters Letters of Recommendation and References Tests Assessing Honesty Benefi ts of Previewing Applicants Structuring the Interview The Opening The Body of the Interview Closing the Interview Conducting the Interview Nontraditional Interviewing Approaches Asking Questions Common Question Pitfalls Exercise #2—What Are the Pitfalls in These Questions? Traditional Questions Nontraditional Questions Closing Thoughts on Use of Questions Giving Information Evaluating the Interview SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS A RECRUITING INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS RECRUITING ROLE-PLAYING CASES STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES Employment Interview 8 The Employment Interview Analyzing Yourself Questions to Guide Your Self- Analysis Doing Your Homework Research Your Field Research Organizations Research the Recruiter Research the Position Research Current Events Research the Interview Process Conducting the Search Networking Knocking on Doors Newspapers and Newsletters The Placement Agency or Service The Internet The Career/Job Fair Preparing Credentials Resumes The Portfolio The Cover Letter Personal Web Sites, Pages, and Blogs Creating a Favorable First Impression Relationship of the Interview Parties Dress and Appearance Nonverbal Communication Arrival and Opening Answering Questions Preparing to Respond Responding: Successful Applicants Responding: Unsuccessful Applicants Unlawful Questions Exercise #1—Which Questions Are Unlawful and Why? Asking Questions Guidelines for Asking Questions Question Pitfalls Exercise #2—Applicant Pitfalls Sample Applicant Questions The Closing Evaluation and Follow-Up Handling Rejection SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS AN EMPLOYMENT INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT ROLE-PLAYING CASES STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES 9 The Performance Interview Preparing for the Performance Interview Reviewing Rules, Laws, and Regulations Selecting an Appropriate Review Model Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) Model Management by Objectives (MBO) Model Universal Performance Interviewing Model The 360-Degree Approach Conducting the Performance Interview Opening the Interview Discussing Performance Setting New Goals and a Plan of Action Closing the Interview The Employee in the Performance Review The Performance Problem Interview Determining Just Cause Preparing for the Interview Keeping Self and the Situation under Control Focusing on the Problem Avoiding Conclusions during the Interview Closing the Interview SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS A PERFORMANCE INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE REVIEW ROLE-PLAYING CASES STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES 10 The Interview: Persuader Persuasive The Ethics of Persuasion What Is Ethical? Fundamental Ethical Guidelines Selecting the Interviewee Analyzing the Interviewee The Interviewee’s Physical and Mental Characteristics Socioeconomic Background Culture Values/Beliefs/Attitudes Emotions Analyzing the Situation Atmosphere Timing Physical Setting Outside Forces Researching the Issue Sources Types of Evidence Planning the Interview Determining Your Purpose Selecting Main Points Developing Main Points Selecting Strategies Conducting the Interview Opening the Interview Creating a Need or Desire Using Questions Strategically Adapting to the Interviewee Presenting the Solution Considering the Solution Handling Objections Closing the Interview Summary Outline SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS A PERSUASIVE INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS PERSUASION ROLE-PLAYING CASES PERSUASION ROLE-PLAYING CASES STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES 11 The The Persuasive Interview: Persuadee Ethics and the Persuadee Be Honest Be Fair Be Skeptical Be Thoughtful and Deliberate in Judgment Be Open-Minded Be Responsive Be an Informed Participant Psychological Strategies Be a Critical Participant Language Strategies Logical Strategies Evidence Be an Active Participant The Opening Creating a Need or Desire Establishing Criteria Presenting the Solution The Closing SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS A PERSUASIVE INTERVIEW REVIEW FOR AND ANALYSIS PERSUASION ROLE-PLAYING CASES STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES Interview 12 The Counseling Interview Preparing for the Counseling Interview Analyzing Self Analyzing the Interviewee Considering Interviewing Approaches Selecting the Setting Conducting the Interview The Opening Encouraging Self-Disclosure Listening Observing Questioning Responding Closing the Interview Evaluating the Interview The Telephone Interview SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS A COUNSELING INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS COUNSELING ROLE-PLAYING CASES STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES 13 The Health Care Interview Creating a Collaborative Relationship Sharing Control Reducing Relational Distance Appreciating Diversity Creating and Maintaining Trust Opening the Interview Enhancing the Climate Being Sensitive and Personal Adapting the Opening Getting Information Barriers to Getting Information Ways to Improve Information Getting Addressing the Language Barrier Giving Information Causes for Loss and Distortion of Information Giving Information More Effectively Counseling and Persuading Barriers to Effective Counseling and Persuading Effective Counseling and Persuading Closing the Interview SUMMARY KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS A HEALTH CARE INTERVIEW FOR REVIEW AND ANALYSIS HEALTH CARE ROLE-PLAYING CASES STUDENT ACTIVITIES NOTES RESOURCES Glossary Author Index Subject Index