The Unpredictability of Gameplay

Description

The Unpredictability of Gameplay explores the many forms of unpredictability in games and proposes a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding and categorizing non-deterministic game mechanics. Rather than viewing all game mechanics with unpredictable outcomes as a single concept, Mark R. Johnson develops a three-part typology for such mechanics, distinguishing between randomness, chance, and luck in gameplay, assessing games that range from grand strategy and MMORPGs to slot machines and card games. He also explores forms of unanticipated unpredictability, where elements of games fail to function as intended and create new forms of gameplay in the process. Covering a range of game concepts using these frameworks, The Unpredictability of Gameplay then explores three illustrative case studies: 1) procedural generation, 2) replay value and grinding, and 3) player-made practices designed to reduce the level of luck in non-deterministic games. Throughout, Johnson demonstrates the importance of looking more deeply at unpredictability in games and game design and the various ways in which unpredictability manifests while offering an invaluable tool for game scholars and game designers seeking to integrate unpredictability into their work. Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Introduction: Unpredictable Play The era of outcomes and the era of systems Unpredictability so far Deleuze and game studies Outline of the work Notes Part One Chapter 2: Games with Randomness The initial conditions of gameplay Lasting impact of initial conditions The creation of significance Granularity of interest System and variable knowledge Notes Chapter 3: Games of Chance The ongoing system of gameplay Codifying chance The Random Number God Notes Chapter 4: Games of Luck The conclusion of gameplay Levelling the playing field Luck, skill and time Mistaking randomness and chance for luck Notes Chapter 5: Games with Instability Unplanned unpredictability Glitches and broken rules Exploits and unforeseen scenarios Tight coupling and weak coupling Internal and external instability Subverting and reconstituting the rules of play Notes Part Two Chapter 6: Procedural Generation Roguelikes Depth, length and co-dependence Identifying procedurality Notes Chapter 7: Replay Value and Grinding The value of returning Ease and difficulty in grinding Completionism and exhaustive play Notes Chapter 8: The Negation of Unpredictability Duplicate deals Save scumming and permadeath Gameplay seeds The negation of unpredictability Notes Part Three Chapter 9: Conclusion: A Framework for Non-deterministic Games Deleuzean games The ludic experience of unpredictability Notes Bibliography Index