ENGLISH

From Science to Computational Sciences: Studies in the History of Computing and its Influence on Today's Sciences

By Gabriele Gramelsberger (ed.)

Book information

Publisher
Diaphanes
Year
2011
ISBN
3037340932, 9783037340936
Language
english
Format
PDF
Filesize
1 MB (1171634 bytes)
Pages
240\235
Topic
History
Time added
2022-04-26 10:43:42
History of Computing; History of Scientific Comput

Description

In 1946 John von Neumann stated that science is stagnant along the entire front of complex problems, proposing the use of largescale computing machines to overcome this stagnation. In other words, Neumann advocated replacing analytical methods with numerical ones. The invention of the computer in the 1940s allowed scientists to realise numerical simulations of increasingly complex problems like weather forecasting, and climate and molecular modelling. Today, computers are widely used as computational laboratories, shifting science toward the computational sciences. By replacing analytical methods with numerical ones, they have expanded theory and experimentation by simulation. During the last decades hundreds of computational departments have been established all over the world and countless computer-based simulations have been conducted. This volume explores the epoch-making influence of automatic computing machines on science, in particular as simulation tools. Cover Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION A Brief Introduction to the Volume / Gabriele Gramelsberger From Science to Computational Sciences: A Science History and Philosophy Overview / Gabriele Gramelsberger II. ORIGINS OF SIMULATION AND RATIONAL PROGNOSIS Roots and Media of Computational Power: Some Remarks on the Genesis and Genius of Quantification in Early European Modernity / Sybille Krämer The Early Progress of Scientific Simulation / David Alan Grier Mimetic Experiments before the Invention of the Computer / Thomas Brandstetter Computer Simulation in the V2 Rocket Development / Thomas Lange Computer Simulations and the Trading Zone / Peter Galison From Computation with Experiments to Experiments on Computation / Gabriele Gramelsberger III. REVERSE ENGINEERING OF NATURE BY NUMBERS Towards A Definition of Simulation / David Alan Grier Simulation as a New Style of Research: Iteration, Integration, and Instability / Sergio Sismondo Artificial, False, and Performing Well / Johannes Lenhard Explanatory and Predictive Functions of Simulation Modelling Case: Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Dynamic Transmission Models / Erika Mansnerus Research Technology, the Computer, and Scientific Advance / Renate Mayntz Shaping Reality with Algorithms: The Earth System / Johann Feichter Uncertainty in Grammar / The Grammar of Uncertainty: Some Remarks on the Future Perfect / Peter Bexte IV. APPENDIX Authors

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