The Lifeways of Hunter-Gatherers: the Foraging Spectrum

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Challenges the preconceptions that hunter-gatherers were Paleolithic relics living in a raw state of nature, instead crafting a position that emphasizes their diversity.;Tables; Figures; Preface; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1 Hunter-Gatherers and Anthropology; Hunter-Gatherers in Pre-Twentieth-Century Thought; The Patrilineal/Patrilocal Band; The Generalized Foraging Model; The Interdependent Model, or "Professional Primitives"; Who Are Living Hunter-Gatherers?; Marxist Approaches; Hunter-Gatherers as a Cultural Type; Hunter-Gatherers and Ecology; Chapter 2 Environment, Evolution, and Anthropological Theory; The Culture Area Concept; Cultural Ecology; Human Behavioral Ecology; Natural Selection; Methodological Individualism; Optimization. Tables Figures Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Hunter-Gatherers and Anthropology Hunter-Gatherers in Pre-Twentieth-Century Thought The Patrilineal/Patrilocal Band The Generalized Foraging Model The Interdependent Model, or "Professional Primitives" Who Are Living Hunter-Gatherers? Marxist Approaches Hunter-Gatherers as a Cultural Type Hunter-Gatherers and Ecology Chapter 2 Environment, Evolution, and Anthropological Theory The Culture Area Concept Cultural Ecology Human Behavioral Ecology Natural Selection Methodological Individualism Optimization. What about Culture?Conclusion Chapter 3 Foraging and Subsistence Environment and Diet The Diet-Breadth Model What Is the "Right" Return Rate? Importance of the Diet-Breadth Model The Patch Choice Model Problems with Optimal-Foraging Models and Their Solutions Randomness Pursuit of Resources Processing of Resources Who Is Foraging? How Do People Eat? The Marginal Value Theorem Central Place Foraging Other Factors to Consider Risk Why Only Calories? The Importance of Fatty Meat Conclusion Chapter 4 Mobility Mobility and the Environment Ethnographic Data on Mobility. Number of Residential Moves per YearAverage Distance per Residential Move Logistical Mobility and Territorial Coverage Individual Foraging and Camp Movement: A Central Place Foraging Model Risk Storage Other Factors Sedentism: Why Stop Moving? Foraging, Mobility, and Society The Mobility Ethos Foraging and Enculturation Foraging and Resource Conservation Conclusion Chapter 5 Technology What Is Technology? Ju/'hoan Technology Nuvugmiut Technology What Conditions Food-Getting Technology? Function Risk Mobility Why Elaborate Technology? A Technological Investment Model. Performance CharacteristicsTechnology, Gender, and Prestige Conclusion Chapter 6 Sharing, Exchange, and Land Tenure Sharing Why Share? Kin Selection Reciprocal Altruism Tolerated Scrounging Costly Signaling What Explains Sharing? Land Tenure The Economic Defensibility Model Social-Boundary Defense The Winterhalder Model Reconsidered Conclusion Chapter 7 Group Size and Demography Group Size: The "Magic Numbers" 500 and 25 Communal versus Individual Foraging Carrying Capacity, Foraging, and Population Density Reproduction and Cultural Controls Preferential Female Infanticide. Interview DataSex Ratios Birth-Spacing Infanticide Juvenile Foraging Help for Mother The Ecology of Reproduction Breastfeeding Maternal Nutritional Condition Mortality Infant and Juvenile Mortality Lethal Violence Warfare Homicide Mobility and Population Growth Conclusion Chapter 8 Men, Women, and Foraging Division of Labor Why Do Men Hunt (and Women Not So Much)? Costly Signaling or Provisioning? Postmarital Residence Rules versus Actual Postmarital Residence Postmarital Residence as Social Strategy Descent Kinship as Social Strategy Marriage.