[Dissertation] Coercion, Cash-Crops and Culture: From Insurgency to Proto-State in Asia's Opium Belt

Description

I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 A. IMPORTANCE................................................................................................2 B. PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES ...............................................................3 C. LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................5 1. State-building Literature.....................................................................5 2. States within States Literature ...........................................................7 3. Causes of Civil War Literature ..........................................................9 D. METHODS AND SOURCES........ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. E. THESIS OVERVIEW AND CONCLUSION..............................................14 II. THE GOLDEN CRESCENT: AFGHANISTAN-PAKISTAN..............................15 A. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................15 B. BACKGROUND ON THE GOLDEN CRESCENT OPIUM TRADE.....16 1. Geography and Climate ....................................................................16 2. Historical Backdrop of Opium and Conflict ...................................17 C. PROTO-STATE ENABLERS ......................................................................22 1. The Durand Line, Ethno-nationalism and Colonial Legacy..........22 2. Tribal Factors and Feudalism...........................................................26 D. CASE STUDY: THE TALIBAN ..................................................................33 1. Territory .............................................................................................33 2. Coercive Activities .............................................................................35 a. War making.............................................................................35 b. State making............................................................................36 c. Protection ................................................................................36 d. Extraction................................................................................37 3. Identity and Legitimacy ....................................................................38 4. Political Goals and other Motivations..............................................40 5. Organization and Structure ..............................................................41 E. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................43 III. THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE: BURMA...................................................................45 A. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................45 B. BACKGROUND ON THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE OPIUM TRADE .....47 1. Geography and Climate ....................................................................47 2. Historic Backdrop of Opium and Conflict ......................................47 C. PROTO-STATE ENABLERS ......................................................................53 1. Borders and Colonial Legacy............................................................53 2. Ethno-nationalism and Communism ...............................................55 3. Feudalism and Cultural Factors.......................................................64 D. CASE STUDY: THE UNITED WA STATE PARTY ................................66 1. Territory .............................................................................................66 2. Coercive Activities .............................................................................68 a. War Making.............................................................................68 viii b. State Making ...........................................................................69 c. Protection ................................................................................69 d. Extraction................................................................................69 3. Identity and Legitimacy ....................................................................71 4. Political Goals and other Motivations..............................................72 5. Organization and Structure ..............................................................73 E. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................74 IV. PROTO-STATES COMPARED..............................................................................77 A. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................77 B. MACRO-LEVEL OVERVIEW ...................................................................78 C. MICRO-LEVEL: THE TALIBAN AND UWSA/UWSP...........................81 D. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................85 V. CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................87 A. SUMMARY....................................................................................................87 B. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................89 C. AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH.......................................................90 LIST OF REFERENCES......................................................................................................93 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST.......................................................................................103