Corpus Linguistics and the Analysis of Sociolinguistic Change: Language Variety and Ideology in Advertising (Routledge Applied Corpus Linguistics)

Description

Corpus Linguistics and the Analysis of Sociolinguistic Change demonstrates how particular styles and varieties of language are chosen and represented in the media, to reveal changing language ideologies and sociolinguistic change. Drawing on a corpus of ads broadcast on an Irish radio station between 1977 and 2017, this book shows how corpus linguistic tools can be creatively employed, in conjunction with frameworks and concepts such as audience and referee design and indexicality, and examines how accents and dialects (vernacular and prestige) are exploited in the ads across the decades. In addition, this book: illustrates the key principles of corpus design for sociolinguistics studies and offers a framework for future diachronic corpus studies of advertising on social media; provides a model for analysing corpus data at both inter-varietal and intra-varietal levels in terms of both accent and dialectal features and explores the efficacy of using particular corpus linguistic tools; identifies key factors which can be used by researchers as evidence for sociolinguistic change and links these factors to relevant theories and frameworks; demonstrates how corpus tools can be used to compare advertising discourse with naturally occurring discourse, with particular reference to markers of (pseudo) intimate discourse. Building on the growing body of research relating to variation and change in Irish English, this book is key reading for researchers and advanced students undertaking research within the areas of sociolinguistics and corpus linguistics. Cover Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of contents Figures Tables Acknowledgements List of abbreviations Chapter 1 Analysing sociolinguistic change through a radio ad corpus 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Using corpus linguistics in sociolinguistic research 1.1.1 Corpus linguistics in sociolinguistic research: Adding an additional tool to the sociolinguistics work belt 1.1.2 Diachronic analysis 1.1.3 Sociophonetic analysis 1.1.4 Small and specialised corpora 1.1.5 Corpus linguistics tools Frequency Concordance Keywords 1.2 Terminology 1.3 Examining sociolinguistic changes through language ideological change in advertising discourse 1.4 Chapter overview Notes Chapter 2 Language variety as a variable: The case of Irish English 2.0 Introduction 2.1 The emergence of a variety: The case of Irish English 2.2 Irish English studies and corpus linguistics 2.3 Features of Irish English 2.3.1 Irish English: Phonological features 2.3.2 Irish English: Grammatical features 2.3.3 Irish English: Lexical features 2.4 Salient phonological markers for the differentiation of Irish English and Standard Southern British English (SSBE) 2.5 Prestige varieties in Ireland 2.5.1 Standard Irish English 2.5.2 ‘Non-local’ Dublin English: A quasi-standard Irish English 2.5.3 Quasi-standard Irish English and accent 2.6 Categorising Irish English 2.6.1 Moderate Dublin English (ModD) 2.6.2 Supraregional Southern Irish English (SrS) 2.6.3 Advanced Dublin English (AdvD) 2.6.4 ‘Non-local’ and ‘local’ Irish English 2.7 Classification of variety in the corpus 2.7.1 Categorising accent variety: Standard Southern British English (SSBE) and Irish English 2.7.2 Categorising dialectal variety: Irish English dialect 2.7.3 Categorising other varieties: Accent and dialect variety 2.8 Conclusion Notes Chapter 3 Language ideology and sociolinguistic change 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Language ideology as a social construct 3.2 Language ideology and the media 3.3 Nationalist language ideology and the Irish context 3.3.1 Irish English as an embodiment of ‘Irishness’ 3.3.2 Irish English: Communicating Irish identity globally 3.4 Standard language ideologies and the Irish context 3.4.1 The notion of standard English 3.4.2 Language subordination 3.4.3 New interpretations of standard 3.5 An ideology of communication 3.5.1 Conversationalisation and democratisation of public discourse 3.5.2 Talking posh and vernacularisation 3.5.3 Authentic talk 3.5.4 Traditional conceptions of authenticity 3.6 New authenticities 3.6.1 Dialect stylisation and authenticity 3.7 Authenticity as an ideological construct: The case of Advanced Dublin English (AdvD) 3.7.1 Precursors to Advanced Dublin English: Dublin 4 English and Dortspeak 3.7.2 The advent of Advanced Dublin English 3.7.3 Features of Advanced Dublin English 3.7.4 Advanced Dublin English: A movement towards standard? 3.7.5 Advanced Dublin English: Is it authentic? 3.8 Using corpus linguistics tools to identify language ideology in the Irish context 3.9 Conclusion Note Chapter 4 Examining language ideology in analysing sociolinguistic change: Frameworks and theories 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Heteroglossia and the voices of the advert 4.1.1 Voice as accent and dialect in advertising 4.1.2 Voice as genre in advertising 4.1.3 Voice of authority in advertising 4.1.4 Voices of the ad: The ad components of Action and Comment 4.2 Indexicality 4.2.1 Indexicality and language ideology 4.2.2 The indexicality principle 4.2.3 Indexicality through contrasting varieties 4.2.4 Indexicality and context 4.3 Audience and referee design 4.3.1 Audience design 4.3.2 Referee design 4.3.3 Referee design in media and face-to-face communication 4.3.4 Ingroup and outgroup referee design 4.3.5 Referee design in advertising 4.3.6 Linguistic features for successful referee design 4.3.7 Cultural implications of referee design 4.3.8 Rethinking referee design 4.3.9 The symbiotic relationship of referee design and audience design 4.3.10 Audience design and referee design in the Irish radio advertising context 4.4 Conclusion Note Chapter 5 Designing, building and using a radio ad corpus for diachronic analysis 5.0 Introduction 5.1 Irish Radio Advertisement Corpus (IRAC): Establishing the context 5.1.1 The corpus: Exploring the historical, economic and social context 5.1.2 The radio channel and the voices of the ads 5.2 Building the Irish Radio Advertisement Corpus (IRAC) 5.2.1 A corpus for longitudinal research 5.2.2 Sampling over time 5.2.3 Issues in replicating a sample 5.2.4 Compiling the subcorpora 5.2.5 Corpus design: Size, representativeness and balance 5.2.6 Corpus-based options for analysis of accent and dialect 5.3 Mark-up and annotation of the corpus 5.3.1 Mark-up of metadata 5.3.2 Annotation of linguistic features Speaker tags Tags for features of pseudo-intimacy Accent and dialect tags Annotating Standard Southern British English (SSBE) accent Annotating Irish English accent Annotating other accent varieties Annotating dialectal variety Transcription conventions 5.4 Quantification of accent and dialect: Some challenges 5.5 Qualitative analysis 5.6 Analysis of pseudo-intimacy in the corpus 5.7 Conclusion Chapter 6 Investigating sociolinguistic change through audience
and referee design: Inter-varietal analysis 6.0 Introduction 6.1 Quantifying broad variety in the Irish Radio Advertisement Corpus (IRAC) to investigate audience and referee design strateg 6.2 Standard Southern British English (SSBE) and Irish English accent variety in the Irish Radio Advertisement Corpus (IRAC) as audience and referee design 6.3 Ingroup referee design 6.3.1 Ingroup referee design: Exploitation of Irish English accent and dialectal features 6.3.2 Keyness of lexical items and ingroup referee design Keywords and collocation 6.3.3 Ingroup referee design through ‘strategic inauthenticity’ 6.3.4 Ingroup referee design through accent variety 6.3.5 Ingroup referee design through dialectal variety 6.4 Outgroup referee design 6.4.1 Outgroup referee design: Comment component 6.4.2 Outgroup referee design: Action and Comment 6.4.3 Outgroup referee design and ‘other’ varieties 6.5 Audience design 6.5.1 Quantifying Irish English accent sub-varieties to indicate audience design 6.5.2 Audience design in the Irish Radio Advertisement Corpus (IRAC) 6.6 Conclusion Notes Chapter 7 Investigating sociolinguistic change through audience and referee design: Intra-varietal analysis 7.0 Introduction 7.1 Quantifying Irish English accent sub-varieties in the Irish Radio Advertisement Corpus (IRAC) 7.2 Outgroup referee design 7.2.1 Emergent Advanced Dublin English (AdvD) as outgroup referee design 7.2.2 Outgroup referee design: Action component 7.2.3 Outgroup referee design: Comment component 7.3 Audience design 7.3.1 Advanced Dublin English (AdvD): Towards audience design 7.3.2 Advanced Dublin English (AdvD) as audience design: A style for a modern Ireland 7.4 Ingroup referee design 7.4.1 Ingroup referee design through ‘strategic inauthenticity’ Strategic inauthenticity through dialect stylisation Strategic inauthenticity and enregisterment 7.5 Conclusion Chapter 8 Investigating indexicality 8.0 Introduction 8.1 Examining indexicality of Irish English and Standard Southern British English (SSBE) 8.1.1 Juxtaposition of variety in Action and Comment ads: Indexing class 8.1.2 Juxtaposition of variety within the Action component: Indexing the ‘expert’ 8.2 Examining indexicality of Irish English sub-variety 8.2.1 Juxtaposition of Irish English sub-variety in Action and Comment ads: Contrasting traditional and contemporary contexts 8.2.2 Juxtaposition of variety within the Action component: Indexing a cross-section of Irish society 8.2.3 Juxtaposition of variety within the Action component: Indexing ‘youth subculture’ 8.3 Indexicality and ‘other’ varieties 8.3.1 North American 8.3.2 French 8.4 Pragmatic markers and indexicality 8.4.1 Pragmatic markers and indexicality in IRAC Pragmatic markers indexing social status Pragmatic markers indexing Irish identity 8.5 Conclusion Notes Chapter 9 Exploring pseudo-intimate discourse 9.0 Introduction 9.1 Pronouns as markers of intimate discourse 9.1.1 I and you 9.1.2 Your 9.1.3 He and she 9.1.4 We 9.2 Vocatives as markers of intimate discourse 9.2.1 Identification of vocatives 9.2.2 Location of vocatives: Action and Comment 9.2.3 Categorisation of vocatives 9.2.4 Vocative type 9.2.5 Vocatives and accent 9.2.6 Functions of vocatives Relational function Mitigation function 9.2.7 Position in turn of vocatives 9.3 Co-construction of the turn as a marker of intimate discourse 9.4 Modality and intimate discourse 9.5 Imperatives and intimate discourse 9.6 Conclusion Note Chapter 10 Conclusions 10.0 Introduction 10.1 Audience and referee construction and sociolinguistic change 10.1.1 Standard Southern British English (SSBE) as outgroup referee design 10.1.2 Supraregional Southern English (SrS) as audience design 10.1.3 Vernacular Irish English as ingroup referee design 10.1.4 Advanced Dublin English (AdvD) as outgroup referee design 10.1.5 Advanced Dublin English (AdvD) as audience design 10.1.6 Advanced Dublin English (AdvD) as ingroup referee design 10.2 Indexicality and sociolinguistic change 10.3 Conversationalisation of discourse and sociolinguistic change 10.4 Corpus linguistics: A valuable addition to the sociolinguistics work belt? 10.4.1 Audience and referee design: Added value of corpus linguistics 10.4.2 Indexicality: Added value of corpus linguistics 10.4.3 Conversationalisation of discourse: Added value of corpus linguistics 10.4.4 A better-quality work belt 10.5 Some caveats 10.6 A corpus convert Appendix Transcription conventions References Index