Integrated Flood Risk Management: Basic Concepts and the Japanese Experience

Description

This book tackles the question of how we can manage flood-related hazards, such as typhoons and torrential rain, which have been intensified by climate change and have generated unprecedented floods, landslides and debris flows worldwide. It presents recent conceptual developments in disasters, risk and resilience, and surveys UN policies on environment and development as well as disaster management. Sustainable and resilient development requires an integrated approach and human empowerment. Japan provides a useful example of effective flood management and disaster recovery in its current strategies for river and basin integrated flood management. Very few English-language books present up-to-date Japanese experiences for students and professionals in the context of global trends, relevant to a time of climate change and with global application. • Outlines an integrated approach to flood risk management • Details evolving Japanese good practice in the context of UN initiatives Integrated Flood Risk Management is ideal for professionals working for environmental agencies, hydrologists and engineers, as well as students of disaster management and water resources development. Cover Half Title Title Copyright Contents Foreword Preface Prologue Establishment of UNESCO and Japanese participation UNESCO Intergovernmental Hydrological Program UNESCO water centers References 1 Introduction There is no such thing as a natural disaster From disaster relief to disaster risk management Global sustainability Human well-being and biodiversity About this book References 2 Occurrence of disaster 2.1 What is disaster risk? 2.1.1 Fishermen at risk 2.1.2 Terminology 2.1.3 Conceptual formula of disaster risk 2.1.4 Disaster databases 2.2 PAR model 2.2.1 Pressure model 2.2.2 Release model 2.2.3 Risk reduction objectives: CARDIAC (heart) 2.3 ACCESS model 2.4 Disaster management cycle and hydro-illogical cycle 2.4.1 Disaster management cycle 2.4.2 Hydro-illogical cycle References 3 Conceptual evolution of UN policies on environment, development and disaster reduction 3.1 From Stockholm to Rio: UN initiatives on environment and development 3.1.1 Before Stockholm 3.1.2 Every 10 years UN conferences on environment and development Sustainable development proposed by WCED 3.1.3 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3.2 From Yokohama to Sendai: UN initiatives on disaster reduction 3.2.1 United Nations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (UNIDNDR) (1990–1999) Yokohama strategy 3.2.2 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) 3.2.3 United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) 3.2.4 Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005–2015 3.2.5 Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction (SF) 2015–2030 The expected outcome, the goal and seven global targets References 4 An integrated approach to water resources and flood risk 4.1 Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) 4.1.1 Introduction IWRM, IFRM and related concepts in a conceptual framework 4.1.2 IWRM as a UN’s guiding principle Dublin principles IWRM in Agenda 21 4.1.3 The conceptualization of IWRM What to integrate for IWRM? GWP definition of IWRM 4.1.4 UNESCO guideline “IWRM at river basin level” UNESCO definition of IWRM Principles in the guideline Spiral process Four steps in a spiral round 4.2 Integrated Flood Risk Management (IFRM) 4.2.1 Introduction Flood-related definitions and the European Flood Directive Flood risk management and flood control At a glance of methodologies of FRM 4.2.2 What and how to integrate for IFRM? Stakeholders and other factors to be integrated Systems approach for integration Cost allocation: Separable cost – alternative justifiable-expenditure method 4.2.3 WMO efforts for Integrated Flood Management (IFM) Associated Program on Flood Management (APFM) APFM definition of integrated flood management (IFM) APFM IFM concepts References 5 Japanese experiences 5.1 General hydro-environmental conditions Flood prone conditions of Japan 5.2 A short history of flood management in Japan 5.2.1 Flood control works before the Meiji Restoration (1868) Shingen Zutsumi (Shingen Bank) The Tone River shift to the east 5.2.2 Before World War II Invited foreign engineers Shin-Yodo-gawa (the New Yodo River) Okozu Bunsui (Okozu Diversion Canal) 5.2.3 Chronological views of flood disasters after the Meiji Era 5.3 The dark post-war 15 years Makurazaki Typhoon Kathleen Typhoon Ise-Bay Typhoon Other flood-related disasters during the dark post-war 15 years Reasons of the dark post-war 15 years 5.4 Challenges of flood management after 1960 River laws Flood losses and flood control investment Why economic losses do not decrease despite that human losses decrease? 5.5 Integrated flood risk management in Japan 5.5.1 Overview of judicial actions related to IFRM 5.5.2 Comprehensive Flood Control Measures (1977) Background Tsurumi river experiences In-situ storage and infiltration Establishment of FRICS 5.5.3 Flood hazard maps 5.5.4 High-standard (super) levees 5.5.5 Underground rivers The Neya River South and North in Osaka Prefecture The 7th Circular Road of Metropolitan Tokyo The Naka River and the Ayase River Basin 5.5.6 Effective flood control including basin resistance 5.5.7 Disaster prevention and mitigation responding to the new stage 5.6 Summary of Japanese experiences on flood-related disaster risk management 5.6.1 Summary of experiences 5.6.2 Additional remarks Living with floods Some essentials of flood management 5.7 Experiences on tsunamis 5.7.1 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) Disaster Outline of GEJE disaster 2011 Recovery strategy: L1 and L2 approach 5.7.2 Safety culture for tsunami Large tsunamis in Japan Great Tsunami memorial stone in Aneyoshi: Never build a house below here “Inamura no Hi” References 6 Future issues of IFRM 6.1 Anticipated changes and adaptation 6.1.1 Climatic changes Changes in temperature and heavy rains Linear Rainbands East Japan Typhoon (Typhoon 19, 2019) 6.1.2 Adaptation to climatic change 6.1.3 Demographic issues Urbanization Depopulation and aging society 6.1.4 Compact city Case of Japan 6.2 Importance of social capital 6.2.1 Social capital and its recent decline Disaster preparedness culture 6.2.3 The Ise Shrine exercise 6.3 Transdisciplinary approach 6.3.1 Need of transdisciplinary approach 6.3.2 Transdisciplinary approach (TDA) for scientific decision-making Definition of Transdisciplinary Approach (TDA) What can TDA do? Scientific knowledge-based decision-making Knowledge flow infrastructure 6.3.3 Some case studies Japanese case The Philippines case Nepal case Preliminary findings References Epilogue NINOMIYA Kinjiro Sontoku and Hotoku-shiho Birth of NINOMIYA Kinjiro and tragic flood disasters Recovery of his own house Recovery of the Hattori family Recovery of Sakuramachi Villages After the Sakuramachi success Works as a Bakushin (Edo government officer) Recovery of Soma domain Recovery of Nikko Shrine territory and death Summary of Hotoku-shiho (Repay-virtue methodology) References Index