Improving Online Presentations: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals

Description

This books offers a detailed overview of the key skills needed to make impactful online presentations.  The book opens with a chapter on communication in healthcare, before discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the online versus live presentations. The following chapters discuss the technology used and the organization of the contents to be delivered, before analyzing the audience. The volume then reviews all the verbal and non-verbal techniques and presents the common mistakes and the tips to avoid them. A final chapter deals with challenging situations. Written by two professors and medicine and a communication specialist, the book is intended for healthcare professionals at all levels, It will be also a valuable resource for scientists and researchers willing to deliver effective and engaging virtual presentations. Preface Contents 1: What Leads to Success in Presenting? Consider the Audience, Subject and Time You Have Available 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 The Topic 1.1.2 The Format 1.1.3 Contents of the Presentation 1.1.4 Preparing Yourself to Present 1.1.5 On the Day Itself 1.2 How to Plan for a Presentation 1.2.1 Initial Stage: Analysing the Potential Audience 1.2.2 Second Stage: Choosing a Topic 1.2.3 Third Stage: Setting the Aims for the Presentation 1.2.4 Assembling the Content You Intend to Present 1.2.4.1 Fourth Stage: Filling Out the Main Body of the Presentation 1.2.4.2 Fifth Stage: Decide How to Introduce the Topic and How You Will Conclude the Presentation 1.2.5 Practise Your Presentation Before You Deliver It 1.2.5.1 Sixth Step: Practice Makes Perfect 1.2.6 Delivering a Speech from Memory 1.2.7 Using Prompt Cards or Notes 1.2.8 Reading from a Script 1.2.9 Combining Delivery Techniques 1.3 Subjects for a Presentation 1.3.1 Selecting a Suitable Subject 1.3.2 Advice on How to Convert a Potentially Dreary Topic into a More Exciting Presentation 1.3.3 Examples of Topics that Are Readily Made into Presentations 1.3.3.1 Attractive Topics for a Presentation 1.3.3.2 Subjects that Offer Good Potential for Presentations 1.3.3.3 Themes for a Mini-Presentation 1.3.3.4 Enjoyable Topics to Present 1.3.3.5 Presenting about Health and Safety 1.3.3.6 Topics Which Are Easy to Present 1.3.3.7 Presenting Controversial Subjects Some Potentially Controversial Presentation Areas Suitable Controversial Topics for Teenagers to Present 1.3.4 Suitable Topics for Presentations in Academic Institutions 1.3.4.1 Presentations in Universities 1.3.4.2 Presentation Ideas for Use in Secondary Schools 1.3.4.3 Suitable Brief Topics for School Students to Present 1.3.5 Scientific Presentations 1.3.5.1 Suitable Topics for Physics Presentations 1.3.5.2 Suitable Topics for Chemistry Presentations 1.3.5.3 Suitable Topics for Biology Presentations 1.3.5.4 Suitable Topics for Geology Presentations 1.3.5.5 Suitable Topics for Astronomy Presentations 1.3.5.6 Suitable Topics for Technology Presentations 1.3.5.7 Suitable Topics for Multimedia Studies Presentations 1.3.5.8 Suitable Topics for Culture Studies and Social Science Presentations Cultural Topics Sociology Leadership Moral Philosophy 1.3.6 Suitable Topics for Healthcare Presentations 1.3.6.1 Suitable Topics for Psychology Presentations 1.3.6.2 Suitable Topics for Mental Health Presentations 1.3.6.3 Suitable Topics for Presentations About Health 1.3.6.4 Suitable Topics for Presentations About Nutrition 1.3.6.5 Suitable Topics for Nursing Presentations 1.3.6.6 Suitable Topics for Dentistry Presentations 1.3.6.7 Suitable Topics for Medicine Presentations 1.3.7 What Types of Topics Are Suitable in a Business or Management Context? 1.3.7.1 Business Topics that May Be More Challenging 1.3.7.2 Topics for Managers 1.3.7.3 Topics to Inspire Your Audience 1.3.7.4 Topics for Continuous Training Courses 1.3.7.5 Topics for Budding Entrepreneurs 1.3.7.6 Topics Concerning Productivity 1.3.7.7 Topics Concerning Safety at Work 1.4 Length of Presentations 1.5 Presentation Skills in the Virtual Environment References 2: Technical Considerations When Presenting Face-to-Face 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Seven Steps Involved in F2F Presentations 2.2.1 First Step: Know How F2F Communication Works Best 2.2.2 Second Step: Find Out Who Is Making the Decisions 2.2.3 Third Step: Getting Meetings Booked in with Prospects 2.2.3.1 Five Particularly Effective Ways to Contact Prospects 2.2.4 Fourth Step: Getting Ready to Meet C-Level Executives 2.2.4.1 Steps to Take Prior to Attending F2F Meetings 2.2.5 Fifth Step: Ways to Make the Meeting Effective 2.2.5.1 Talking to C-Level Executives 2.2.5.2 Body Language 2.2.6 Sixth Step: Closing on a Sale 2.2.7 Seventh Step: Follow-Up Your Clients 2.2.7.1 Create a List of Clear Action Points 2.2.7.2 Send Your Notes on the Meeting to Your Prospective Client 2.2.7.3 Be Appreciative 2.2.7.4 Be Solution-Focused 2.2.7.5 Judge When Follow-Up Is No Longer Appropriate 2.2.7.6 Advice on Presenting F2F for Maximum Effect 2.3 Factors That Make F2F Presentations More Convincing Than Other Formats 2.4 Ways to Become More Skilled at F2F Communication 2.4.1 Pay Attention to Your Posture 2.4.2 Preserve Eye Contact 2.4.3 Select Carefully the Words to Use 2.4.4 Ensure You Can Be Heard 2.4.5 Remember to Listen References 3: Technical Considerations When Presenting Virtually 3.1 Using Technology Whilst Presenting 3.1.1 PowerPoint and Its Equivalents 3.1.2 Google Slides 3.1.3 Video Software 3.1.4 Screen Casting 3.2 Advice on How to Deliver an Excellent Online Presentation 3.2.1 Make a Powerful Start 3.2.2 Remember the Mnemonic: I2S2A2Q2 3.2.3 Make the Ending Memorable 3.2.4 Let Your Face Be Seen 3.2.5 Presenting from a Standing Position Is Best 3.2.6 Provide a Bonus Near the Start 3.2.7 Make the Best Use of Visual Aids 3.2.8 Introduce Interactive Elements 3.2.9 Use of Props 3.2.10 Introduce a Quiz or Poll into Your Presentation 3.2.11 Real-Time Questions and Answers 3.2.12 Shorten Your Presentation 3.2.13 Make a Screen Recording When You Practise Presenting 3.2.14 Select the Right Software to Help You 3.2.14.1 Pixabay 3.2.14.2 Canva 3.2.14.3 Poll Everywhere 3.2.14.4 Krisp 3.2.14.5 PowerPoint, Impress and Keynote 3.2.15 Manage Your Fear of Speaking in Public References 4: The Online Presenting Environment, the Equipment to Use and the Materials to Benefit From 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Setup, Equipment and Materials 4.2.1 External Webcams 4.2.2 Additional Illumination 4.2.3 External Microphone 4.2.4 Simple, Uncluttered Background 4.3 Presentation Software Applications 4.3.1 Visme 4.3.2 Haiku Deck 4.3.3 Pitcherific 4.3.4 Canva 4.3.5 SlideCamp 4.3.6 Microsoft Events 4.3.7 Powtoon 4.3.8 VideoScribe 4.3.9 Prezi 4.4 In Which Ways Do Online Presentations Differ from F2F? 4.4.1 Audiences Watching Online Presentations Experience Greater Distractions than Is Usual in an F2F Setting 4.4.2 Online Presenting Can Be Easily Scaled Up, Unlike F2F 4.5 Advice for How to Present Online 4.5.1 Be Brief 4.5.2 Shut Down Unused Windows First 4.5.3 Get the Audience to Co-operate in Reducing Distractions 4.5.4 Run a Check on the Equipment Before the Event Starts 4.6 Presentation Technique with Lifesize 4.6.1 Prepare a Suitable Presentation 4.6.2 Choose the “Present” Option 4.6.3 Sharing May Involve Just the Slides or the Whole Screen 4.7 Actions to Take Following a Presentation 4.7.1 Distribute a Link Where People Can See the Recorded Session 4.7.2 Where Needed, Book in Follow-Up Sessions 4.8 FAQs Regarding Online Presentations 4.8.1 How Are Online Presentations Assembled? 4.8.2 What Is the Way to Engage Audiences When Presenting Online? 4.8.3 What Kinds of Problems Should Online Presenters Be Prepared to Face? References 5: Preparation and Planning 5.1 Make Sure You Know the Brief 5.2 Making a Plan 5.3 Stages of Preparation for Presentations 5.3.1 First Stage: Choice of Subject 5.3.2 Second Stage: Defining the Aims 5.3.3 Third Stage: Information Gathering 5.3.4 Fourth Step: Prepare an Outline or Script 5.3.4.1 Illustrated Speech or Talk 5.3.5 Fifth Stage: Choose What Visuals You Want to Include 5.3.6 Sixth Stage: Choice of Title 5.3.7 Seventh Stage: Practising References 6: Logical Order and Choosing What to Include in a Presentation 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 The Beginning (Introduction) 6.1.2 Body of the Presentation 6.1.3 Conclusion 6.2 Words and Phrases to Signal Transitions 6.2.1 In the Introduction 6.2.2 Explaining the Outline or Overview of the Presentation 6.2.3 Highlighting the Key Message(s) of the Presentation 6.2.4 Paraphrasing for Emphasis 6.2.5 Transitioning Between Topics 6.2.6 How to Introduce a Specific Example 6.2.7 Talking About Visual Elements or Illustrations 6.2.8 Introducing and Explaining Video Clips 6.2.9 Concluding Phrases 6.2.10 Inviting and Responding to Questions 6.3 Assembling the Presentation 6.3.1 Gathering High-Quality Information to Present 6.3.1.1 Consider Your Objective in the Presentation 6.3.1.2 Be Aware What Background Your Listeners Have and Tailor the Presentation to Suit Them 6.3.1.3 The Length of the Presentation Governs What You Can Present 6.3.1.4 Identify the Information or Data that Offer the Best Support to Your Argument 6.3.2 Establishing the Route You Intend to Follow 6.3.2.1 Begin Strongly with a Well-Crafted Introduction 6.3.2.2 The Body of the Presentation Is the Place to Lay Out the Results of Your Research 6.3.2.3 Linking Statements Are Helpful in Clarifying the Argument 6.3.2.4 Ensure You Present Using Visual Elements Such as Previous Case Photos 6.3.2.5 Concluding the Presentation 6.3.3 Practising Delivery 6.3.3.1 Continue to Practice Up to the Point Where Cue Cards Are Mostly Not Needed 6.4 Presentation Structure and Content 6.4.1 Content 6.4.2 Structure 6.4.2.1 Introductory Section 6.4.2.2 Body of the Presentation 6.4.2.3 The Final Stage: Concluding 6.4.2.4 Dealing with Questions 6.4.2.5 Avoiding Plagiarism References 7: Making a Positive First Impression in a Virtual Environment 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Tips on Creating a Favourable Initial Impression 7.2.1 Dress as You Normally Would for Business 7.2.2 Ensure the Background Is Suitable 7.2.3 Look Towards the Camera Whilst Speaking 7.2.3.1 Keep the Cameras Rolling 7.2.3.2 Think About Where the Light Comes From 7.2.3.3 Establish Good Camera Angles 7.2.3.4 Show a Clean-Looking Background 7.2.3.5 Look Towards the Camera 7.2.4 Muting the Microphone 7.2.4.1 If the Connection Slows Down, Switch Off the Video Feed 7.2.5 Video Is Not the Same as F2F 7.2.6 Have the Right Appearance 7.2.7 Pay Attention to Your Body Language 7.2.8 Make Sure You Feel Comfortable First 7.2.9 Develop Mastery in Communication 7.2.10 Accentuate the Positivity References 8: Analysing Your Audience in Advance 8.1 Introduction 8.2 What Does “Audience Analysis” Mean? 8.3 What Is the Importance of Analysing an Audience? 8.3.1 Understanding an Audience Is Helpful in Setting the Right Tone and Building Trust 8.3.2 Understanding How an Audience Tends to React Lets You Craft More Persuasive Calls to Action 8.3.3 Presentations Should Be Modified so that the Key Messages Align with the Audience’s Requirements and Expectations 8.4 The Advantages of Knowing Your Audience 8.4.1 Presenting in an Audience-Centric Way 8.4.2 Establishing Mutual Interests by Understanding Others’ Viewpoints 8.4.3 Discovering and Collating Information on the Audience 8.4.4 How Audience Analysis Really Helps Presenters 8.5 What Should You Analyse? 8.5.1 First Examine Your Own Biases 8.5.2 Comprehending the Background Factors, Attitudes and Beliefs of Audiences 8.5.3 Advice for Presenters 8.6 How Can You Assess Your Audience? 8.6.1 Demographic Characteristics 8.6.2 Pre-existing Knowledge About a Topic 8.6.3 The Number of Attendees and the Venue 8.6.4 Audience’s Value Systems and Beliefs 8.6.5 How Does the Audience Normally Receive Information? 8.7 Ways to Deal with Various Types of Audience 8.7.1 The Hostile Audience: Sceptical Individuals, Who Need Hard Evidence 8.7.2 The Welcoming Audience: Build on Natural Rapport to Get the Message Across 8.7.3 The Apathetic Audience: You Have to Persuade Them That the Topic Really Matters 8.7.4 The Uninformed Audience: Individuals Who Are New to the Subject 8.8 Application of the Information Gathered by Audience Analysis 8.8.1 Remember to Present in an Audience-Centric Way 8.8.2 Establish Mutual Interests 8.8.3 Construct a Typical Audience Persona and Practise Addressing the Persona 8.8.4 Know Where the Audience Pain Points Are and Acknowledge Them Whilst Presenting 8.8.5 When Necessary, Segment Your Audience References 9: Interacting with Your Virtual Audience 9.1 Introduction 9.2 What Form Do You Want Audience Engagement to Take? 9.3 Techniques for Maintaining Audience Engagement 9.3.1 First Technique: Polling 9.3.1.1 To Gather Information from the Audience 9.3.1.2 For Engagement, but Also to Let the Audience Interact with Each Other 9.3.2 Second Technique: Questions and Answers (Q&As) 9.3.2.1 Open Format Q&A 9.3.2.2 Specific Time for Q&A 9.3.3 Third Technique: Gamification 9.3.3.1 Gamification for Big Audiences (at Least 150 Attendees) 9.3.3.2 Gamification for Events of No More Than Medium Size (i.e. One Hundred Attendees or Fewer) 9.3.4 Fourth Technique: Encourage Attendees to Network 9.4 Interacting with an Audience Online 9.4.1 Make Yourself More Visible 9.4.2 Use Your Voice to Its Best Advantage 9.4.3 Be Willing to Allow Pauses 9.4.4 Begin Punctually 9.4.5 Include Interactive Elements 9.4.6 Use Visuals to Strengthen Key Messages 9.4.7 Paint a Picture with Words 9.4.8 Keep the Slides Simple 9.4.9 Utilise Movement Carefully 9.4.10 Be Punctual in Concluding Your Presentation References 10: Ways to Keep an Audience Focused and Interested 10.1 Introduction 10.2 How to Maintain Your Audience’s Focus and Interest 10.2.1 Pick a Topic That Your Audience Already Wants to Know About 10.2.2 Give People Reasons for Listening 10.2.3 Avoid Both Over-Simplification and Over-Complication 10.2.4 Alterations Attract Attention 10.2.4.1 Macro-alterations 10.2.4.2 Micro-alterations 10.2.5 Adopt a Storytelling Style 10.2.6 Insert Breaks Frequently 10.2.7 Keep Presentations Brief 10.3 Extra Ways to Keep the Audience Focused 10.3.1 Begin with a Surprise 10.3.2 Narrate a Tale 10.3.3 Do Not Restrict Yourself to a Script 10.3.4 Let Your Voice Convey Emotions 10.3.5 Using Contrasting Volume Levels in Your Voice 10.3.6 Vary the Pace of Delivery 10.3.7 Address Particular Members of the Audience 10.3.8 Inject Some Humour 10.3.9 Do Not Bombard the Audience with Facts and Figures 10.3.10 Avoid Simply Reading References 11: Achieving Maximum Effectiveness in Presenting 11.1 Presenting Effectively 11.1.1 Connecting Emotionally with Audiences 11.1.2 Deliver an Energetic Presentation 11.1.3 Make It Clear What the Audience Gain by Listening 11.2 Advice on How to Use PowerPoint Effectively 11.3 How to Avoid PowerPoint Disasters 11.4 Advice on PowerPoint Settings References 12: Tone of Voice, Word Choice, Dress, Behaviour and Timing 12.1 Tone of Voice 12.1.1 Your Voice Conveys Your Identity 12.1.2 Tone of Voice Differentiates You from Others 12.1.3 Tone of Voice Helps Establish Trustworthiness 12.1.4 Tone May Help You Be More Influential and Persuasive 12.1.5 Use of the Voice When Presenting 12.1.5.1 Projecting and Articulating 12.1.5.2 Pace 12.1.5.3 Variety 12.1.5.4 Inflection 12.1.5.5 Silences 12.1.5.6 Breath Control 12.2 Choice of Words 12.2.1 Useful Phrases to Use in Presentations 12.2.1.1 Welcoming the Audience 12.2.1.2 Introducing Yourself, or the Person Who Is Going to Speak 12.2.1.3 Introducing the Topic 12.2.1.4 Outlining the Objectives 12.2.1.5 Structure 12.2.1.6 First Section 12.2.1.7 Ending a Section 12.2.1.8 Summing Up Part of a Presentation 12.2.1.9 Transitioning Between Topics 12.2.1.10 Giving Examples 12.2.1.11 Giving Details 12.2.1.12 Linking 12.2.1.13 Referring Back to the Beginning 12.2.1.14 Giving References for Information 12.2.1.15 Graphics and Images 12.2.1.16 Emphasising Key Points 12.2.1.17 Expressing Yourself Differently 12.2.1.18 Questions and Feedback 12.2.1.19 Letting the Audience Know When to Ask Their Questions 12.2.1.20 Checking You Have Given the Right Answer 12.2.1.21 When You Do Not Have an Answer 12.2.1.22 Summarising and Concluding 12.2.1.23 Handing on to Another Presenter 12.3 What to Wear When Presenting 12.4 Presenter’s Attitude 12.4.1 So, What Makes a Presenter Highly Successful? 12.5 Timing Your Presentation 12.5.1 What Is the Optimal Number of Slides? 12.5.2 Assess How Complex Your Content Is 12.5.3 Assess How Long You Need for Each Idea 12.5.4 Now Decide on Timing Within Each Section 12.5.5 Add Up the Different Types of Slides 12.5.6 Set Timings for Different Sections 12.5.7 Be Careful to Check Twice References 13: Body Language Speaks to Your Audience 13.1 What Is Body Language? 13.2 Advice on Using Body Language to Your Advantage 13.3 Ways for Presenters to Utilise Body Language 13.3.1 Face Expression 13.3.2 Eye Contact 13.3.3 Posture 13.3.4 Gestures 13.3.5 Where to Stand and Move References 14: How to Use Visuals and Present Positively 14.1 Utilisation of Visual Elements When Presenting 14.1.1 Preparing and Utilising Visuals 14.1.1.1 Getting Prepared 14.1.1.2 At the Time of Presentation 14.1.1.3 Fit the Presentation to Your Target Audience 14.1.2 Different Kinds of Visuals 14.1.2.1 PowerPoint 14.1.2.2 Whiteboards 14.1.2.3 Handouts 14.1.2.4 Including Video in a Presentation 14.1.2.5 Using a Flip Chart 14.1.2.6 Posters 14.1.2.7 Use of Props: Products, Objects, etc. 14.1.3 Important Factors to Consider in the Use of Visuals 14.1.3.1 Practising 14.1.3.2 Utilise Colour 14.2 Presenting Positively 14.2.1 Choice of Words 14.2.2 Body Language References 15: Harnessing the Power of Visuals and Positive Presenting 15.1 Presenting Using Visuals 15.1.1 Use of Visuals Cuts Down on Preparation Time 15.1.2 Visuals Add Greater Interest to Presentations 15.1.3 Visuals Are Effective at Creating Interest 15.1.4 Visuals Assist with Audience Comprehension 15.1.5 Visuals Make the Content of Presentations More Memorable 15.1.6 Visuals Improve the Efficiency of Communication 15.1.7 Visuals May Create an Emotional Reaction 15.1.8 Effective Use of Visuals Promotes Inclusivity 15.1.9 Well-Chosen Visuals Enhance Audience Trust in the Message 15.1.10 Use Unique Visuals to Give Your Presentation Individuality 15.2 Where Visuals Detract from Presentations 15.2.1 First Error: Visuals Used to Patch Problems 15.2.2 Second Error: The Visuals Control You, Not the Other Way Round 15.2.3 Third Error: Slides That Resemble a Shopping List 15.2.4 Fourth Error: Selecting the Wrong Visual 15.2.5 Fifth Mistake: Looking at the Visuals Rather Than the Audience 15.2.6 Sixth Error: Letting the Slideshow Stop the Audience Seeing You 15.2.7 Seventh Error: Presenting Messily 15.2.8 Eighth Error: Overloading Slides 15.2.9 Ninth Error: Overcomplicated Slide Transitions and Build Slides 15.3 Visuals 15.3.1 Utilise Stock Photos in Preparing Presentations 15.3.2 Make Use of Icons 15.3.3 Use Photos You Have Taken Yourself 15.3.4 Produce Your Own Artwork to Accompany Slides 15.3.5 Some Animated Gifs Add Emotional Relief 15.3.6 Make Use of Internet Memes 15.3.7 Make Use of Video Clips 15.4 Use of Positives References 16: Effective Presentation Techniques, Including Positive Presenting 16.1 Presenting Positively 16.1.1 Confidence 16.1.2 Passion 16.1.3 Knowledge 16.1.4 Being Yourself 16.1.5 Organisation 16.1.6 Timekeeping 16.1.7 Be Clear 16.2 How to Deliver a Presentation Well 16.2.1 Structure the Material so that the Audience Can Easily Follow 16.2.2 Do Not Overcrowd the Slides 16.2.3 Know the Principles of Good Design 16.2.4 Repeated Polishing Pays Off 16.2.5 Create a Powerful Beginning 16.2.6 Be True to Yourself 16.2.7 Planning for a Faultless Delivery 16.2.8 The Key to Success Is Focusing on Value for the Audience References 17: Visual Perception and Impairment. Presenting for Every Audience 17.1 Visual Perception and Awareness 17.2 Increasing the Accessibility of a Visually Based Presentation 17.2.1 Design Considerations for Presentations 17.2.2 Size and Volume of Text on Individual Slides 17.2.3 Font Face 17.2.4 Achieve Contrast with Different Colours and Degree of Brightness 17.2.5 Figures and Graphs 17.2.6 Animations 17.2.7 Provide a Verbal Description of the Slides 17.2.8 Handouts 17.2.9 Assisting Blind Audience Members 17.3 Best Practices for Online Delivery 17.3.1 Ensure Adequate Illumination 17.3.2 Select an Appropriate Background 17.3.3 Familiarise Yourself with the Software and Equipment First 17.3.4 Address the Camera 17.3.5 Stand Near Enough to the Camera 17.3.6 Stand in Preference to Sitting 17.3.7 Be Energetic 17.3.8 Keep an Eye on Your Speed 17.3.9 Check How Clear Your Voice Is 17.3.10 Ethernet Is More Stable than Wireless 17.3.11 Arrange a Backup in Case of Technical Failure 17.3.12 Aim for Maximum Audience Engagement 17.3.13 Appoint Someone to Monitor the Chat on Your Behalf 17.3.14 Assess your Own Performance and Aim to Improve 17.3.15 Be Genuine and Enjoy Presenting References 18: Effective Endings: Leaving the Audience Impressed and Informed 18.1 Ending Your Presentation 18.1.1 Keep to the Time Limit 18.1.1.1 Timekeeping Tactics 18.1.2 Make It Clear When You Have Finished Presenting 18.1.3 End by Telling a Story 18.1.4 Complete the Circle to Round Off Your Presentation 18.1.5 Close with Your Opening Title 18.1.6 Always Remain Upbeat and Enthusiastic 18.1.7 Sound Bites 18.1.8 Briefly Reiterating Your Presentation 18.1.9 Use a Powerful Visual Image to End 18.2 Reasons for Carefully Planning the Ending of a Presentation 18.3 Expert Techniques for Ending a Presentation 18.3.1 Be Brave Enough to Try Something Different 18.3.2 Do Not Leave the Ending to Chance 18.3.3 Prepare Your Presentation Backwards 18.3.4 Treat Your Presentation Like a Printed Book 18.3.5 Avoid Telling the Audience It Will Soon Be Over 18.3.6 Keep the Finest Content Until the End 18.3.7 Is It Worth Offering a Summary at the End? 18.3.8 Make It Stick in People’s Minds 18.3.9 Pay Attention to Your Final Sentence 18.3.10 Make the Audience Feel Part of Something Bigger 18.3.11 Maintain Your Professionalism All the Way Through 18.3.12 The End of the Presentation Means the Topic Is Finished 18.3.13 Encourage Your Audience to Act After the Presentation 18.3.14 Move Seamlessly into the Comments and Questions 18.3.15 The Last Slide 18.3.16 Should You Thank Your Audience? 18.3.17 Make It Personally Relevant 18.3.18 Avoid Rushing 18.3.19 Ensure Good Timekeeping References 19: The Best Ways to Present as a Group 19.1 Presenting as a Group 19.1.1 Select a Lead Presenter 19.1.2 Ensure Cohesion Between the Various Sections 19.1.3 Make One Presenter Responsible for Slides Overall 19.1.4 Set Aside Time for Practice 19.1.5 Getting Ready on the Day of Actual Delivery 19.1.6 Presenters Should Support Each Other 19.1.7 Achieving Maximum Benefit from the Experience 19.2 Presenting More Effectively as a Group 19.3 Factors that Make Group Presentations Highly Successful 19.3.1 Four Key Actions to Take 19.3.2 Craft a UNIFIED Presentation 19.3.3 Every Presenter Should Dress Appropriately 19.3.4 Advice on Delivering the Presentation References 20: The Deadly Sins and Cardinal Virtues of Online Presentations 20.1 What to Do and Not to Do When Presenting Virtually 20.1.1 Do Utilise Visuals More Extensively 20.1.2 Do Use Graphics to Highlight the Main Idea on a Slide 20.1.3 Do Make Time for the Audience to Ask Questions 20.1.4 Do Have a Backup Plan, Just in Case 20.1.5 Don’t Forget to Print a Copy for Reference 20.1.6 Do Ensure You Rehearse Well 20.2 Fatal Flaws in Virtual Presentations 20.2.1 Being Too Slow to Address the Main Issue 20.2.2 Too Much Text 20.2.3 Cramming the Information onto Too Few Slides 20.2.4 Insufficient Visuals 20.2.5 Not Making Full Use of Your Voice 20.2.6 Doing Everything Yourself 20.2.7 You Fail to Put Together a Contingency Plan 20.2.8 Insufficiently Trained Presenter 20.3 How to Avoid a Presentation Catastrophe 20.3.1 First Fatal Error: Acting Like a Presentation Robot 20.3.2 Second Fatal Error: Lack of Eye Contact 20.3.3 Third Fatal Error: Too Lengthy a Presentation 20.3.4 Fourth Fatal Error: Failure to Rehearse References 21: Dealing with Challenging Presenting Situations 21.1 Problems When Presenting 21.1.1 Giving Unwelcome News 21.1.1.1 Stage 1 21.1.1.2 Stage 2 21.1.2 Delivering Unwelcome News to Groups 21.1.3 Dealing with Questions of a Hostile or Aggressive Nature 21.1.3.1 General Strategy 21.1.4 Different Tactics in Answering 21.1.5 The Approach to Answering 21.1.6 What Not to Do 21.2 Twelve Methods to Use in Dealing with Problems When Presenting 21.2.1 Be Able to View a Problem from Various Angles 21.2.2 Identify the Weak Points and Patch Them 21.2.3 Look Out for the Snipers 21.2.4 Do Not Take It Personally 21.2.5 Establish Ground Rules First 21.2.6 Reduce Negative Emotions in the Room 21.2.7 Meet the Audience’s Needs 21.2.8 Make Friends Not Enemies 21.2.9 What to Do if the Audience Begin to Yawn 21.2.10 Demonstrate Humility 21.2.11 Hold a Council of War First 21.2.12 The Way You Respond to Questions Is Key References 22: Communication in Healthcare 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Communicative Modalities Employed in Healthcare 22.3 Inefficient Written Communication 22.4 How Do Patients, Doctors and the General Public View Each Other’s Communication? 22.4.1 Mutual Perceptions of Dialogue Between Specialist Doctors and General Practitioners 22.5 Specific Documents Used to Communicate 22.5.1 Referral Letters to Secondary Care from Primary Care Physicians 22.5.1.1 Replies from Secondary Care, Including Discharge Documentation Following Admission to Hospital 22.6 Timely Communication 22.7 Recommended Ways to Optimise Communication in Writing 22.7.1 Letter Structure 22.7.2 Use of Peer Feedback to Improve Communication 22.7.3 Change Management Aspects 22.8 Results Linked to Communication Quality 22.8.1 Accuracy of Diagnoses 22.8.2 Compliance with Treatment 22.8.3 Factors Making Patients Feel Satisfied 22.8.4 Patient Safety 22.8.5 Why Is It Important for Teams to Feel Satisfied? References 23: Online vs Face-to-Face Presentations: Advantages and Disadvantages 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Virtual Presentations 23.2.1 The Advantages of Virtual Presentations 23.2.1.1 The Ability to Communicate 23.2.1.2 Ease of Access 23.2.1.3 Economies of Time 23.2.1.4 How Cost-Effective Are Virtual Meetings? 23.2.1.5 Improved Rate of Attendance 23.2.1.6 Information Sharing 23.2.2 Disadvantages of Virtual Presentations 23.2.2.1 Reduced Personal Contact 23.2.2.2 Unstable Connection 23.2.2.3 Reduction in Human Contact 23.2.2.4 The Danger of Security Breaches 23.2.2.5 Inadequate Planning 23.3 Face-to-Face Presentations 23.3.1 Aspects in Which Face-to-Face Meetings Have the Advantage 23.3.2 Disadvantages of Face-to-Face Meetings 23.4 Comparison of Virtual and Face-to-Face Meetings 23.5 Blended Meetings References