The Empowered Writer: An Essential Guide to Writing, Reading, and Research

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The Empowered Writer is an indispensable guide to effective writing, reading, research, and grammar. Using accessible instruction and an abundance of exercises and examples, this text empowers students to hone their skills, make informed choices, and think critically about how - and why - theywrite. Featuring numerous new readings and improved content organization, this third edition fosters student success in the classroom and beyond. Cover The Empowered Writer: An Essential Guide to Writing, Reading, and Research Brief Contents Contents Readings From the Publisher Online Resources Preface Acknowledgements Part One: Writing and Reading: The Empowered Writer: An Essential Guide to Writing, Reading, and Research Chapter 1: Basic Skills Development An Integrated Approach Writing and Thinking Exercise 1.1 Writing and Reading Reading Strategies Exercise 1.2 Critical Thinking What Is Critical Thinking? Applying Critical Thinking Exercise 1.3 Reading and Critical Thinking Exercise 1.4 Exercise 1.5 Responding Critically and Analytically through Questions Exercise 1.6 Exercise 1.7 Sample Professional Essay: “Bear Cub: Rogue Wildlife Is Par for the Course on Canada’s Northernmost Green” by Eva Holland Exercise 1.8 Word Meanings Exercise 1.9 Improving Vocabulary Sample Professional Essay: “Almost Famous Canadian Olympians” by Jonathon Gatehouse Chapter Review Questions Chapter 2: The Writing Situation Writing Purpose Exercise 2.1 A Is for Audience Reader-Based Writing Exercise 2.2 Exercise 2.3 Audience Factors Exercise 2.4 Sample Professional Essay: “If These Walls Could Talk: The Physical Traces of Residential Schools” by Aubrey Jean Hanson & D. Lyn Daniels Writing for the Workplace Exercise 2.5 Stages in Essay Writing Pre-Writing Exercise 2.6 Exercise 2.7 Research Organization Exercise 2.8 Composing: First Draft Revising: Final Draft The Critical Response Sample Professional Essay: “Why Do We Still Put Young People in Solitary Confinement?” by Cathy Gulli Sample Student Essay: Response to “Why Do We Still Put Young People in Solitary Confinement?” by Julianny Vahlis Chapter Review Questions Chapter 3: Paragraph Essentials Introducing the Paragraph Topic Sentence Paragraph Wrap as Conclusion Connecting Paragraphs by Using Transitions Exercise 3.1 Paragraph Unity Exercise 3.2 Paragraph Coherence Exercise 3.3 Exercise 3.4 Exercise 3.5 Sample Professional Essay: “Everything You Need To Know about Impostor Syndrome” by Sydney Loney Chapter Review Questions Chapter 4: Paragraph and Essay Development Developing Your Essay Exercise 4.1 Development Patterns Definition: What Is It? Chronology: When Did It Occur? Description: What Does It Look Like? Narration: How Can It Be Told? Process: How Does It Work? Personal: Why Should It Affect Me?/How Does It Affect Me? Classification/Division: What Kinds Are There? Cause–Effect: What Is the Cause? What Is the Result? Question–Answer: What Is the Answer? Example/Illustration: How Can It Be Shown? Problem–Solution: How Can It Be (Re)Solved? Cost–Benefit: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages? Analogy: How Is It Like Something Else? Comparison and Contrast: How Is It Like and/or Unlike Something Else? Exercise 4.2 Sample Professional Essay: “Picture This: A Photovoice Study of International Students’ Food Experience in Canada” by Stephanie Amos and Daphne Lordly Chapter Review Questions Chapter 5: Summarizing Other Writers’ Work What Is a Summary? How to Write a Summary Exercise 5.1 Exercise 5.2 The Extended Summary Sample Professional Essay: “The $15 Minimum Wage Movement Rises Up” by Janet Nicol Other Ways to Summarize Paraphrase Exercise 5.3 Abstract Exercise 5.4 Annotated Bibliography Exercise 5.5 Summarizing at the Workplace Exercise 5.6 Sample Professional Essay: “Almost a Million Canadian Kids in Poverty Is an Acute Emergency” by Elizabeth Lee Ford-Jones Chapter Review Questions Part Two: Essays Chapter 6: The Expository Essay Expository versus Argumentative Essays Types of Essays How to Write Various Expository Essays The Process Essay Sample Student Essay: “How to Win a Student Government Election” by Aimee Calma The Definition Essay Sample Student Essay: “What Is Leadership?” by Andrew Fodor The Comparison and Contrast Essay Sample Student Essay: “Tail of Opposites: Meow, Meow, or Woof, Woof?” by Barclay Katt The In-Class (or Examination) Essay Sample Student Essay: In-Class Essay Exercise 6.1 Sample Professional Essay: “Help Protect Our Bogs: Why It’s Important to Save Our Wetlands” by Bev Yaworski Chapter Review Questions Chapter 7: Introductions, Thesis Statements, and Conclusions The Expository Essay Template Exercise 7.1 The Essay’s Introduction Functions of the Introduction: Reader’s Interest Exercise 7.2 Other Functions Features of the Introduction Exercise 7.3 Exercise 7.4 Exercise 7.5 Exercise 7.6 Exercise 7.7 The Essay’s Conclusion Functions of the Conclusion Two Kinds of Conclusion Exercise 7.8 Exercise 7.9 Sample Professional Essay: “Alouette Anniversary” by Hillary Windsor Chapter Review Questions Chapter 8: Claims, Evidence, and the Analytical Model Kinds of Claims: Fact, Value, and Policy Claim of Fact Claim of Value Claim of Policy Exercise 8.1 Evidence Organization of Evidence Kinds of Evidence Credibility The Analytical Model Exercise 8.2 Sample Professional Essay: “Punishing Cheaters Promotes the Evolution of Cooperation” by Eric Michael Johnson Chapter Review Questions Chapter 9: The Argumentative Essay Emotional versus Logical Arguments Exercise 9.1 Exercise 9.2 Argument, Opinion, and Facts Exercise 9.3 Exercise 9.4 Exercise 9.5 Faulty Reasoning Exercise 9.6 Exercise 9.7 Creating Your Argument with Claims and Support Arguable Claims Specific, Interesting, and Manageable Claims A Closer Look at Reason Exercise 9.8 Rebutting the Opposing View Topic-Based Rebuttal Audience-Based Rebuttal Purpose-Based Rebuttal Sample Professional Essay: “Welcome to Canada? Immigration Incentives May Not Be Enough for International Students to Stay” by Sophia Lowe Organizing an Outline for Argument Exercise 9.9 Sample Student Essay: “Discrimination against Aboriginals in Canada: Bill C-45” by Jane Freiburger Oral Presentations Creating a Presentation Delivering a Presentation Important Points to Consider When Making an Oral Presentation Chapter Review Questions Part Three:Research Chapter 10: Conducting Research Developing Research Skills Research: Finding and Exploring Synthesis I: Integrating Organization: Arranging Synthesis II: Composing Researching Your Topic Who Are These Experts—and Where Can You Find Them? Exploring Your Topic Note-Taking Organizing Research Notes Cross-Referencing Some Useful Research Strategies Using Contradictory Evidence Sources of Research Material Primary and Secondary Sources Start with Secondary Sources Internet Searches Notes on Library Research Alternative Sources Chapter Review Questions Chapter 11: Using Your Research Outlines for Research Essays Outline for “The Cost of Buying Happiness: Why Less Is More” Exercise 11.1 Plagiarism Integrating Secondary Sources Summary, Paraphrase, Direct Quotation, Mixed Quotation Format Exercise 11.2 Signal Phrases, Ellipses, and Brackets Documentation: In-Text Citations Sample Student Essay: “The Cost of Buying Happiness: Why Less Is More” by Sandy Crashley Sample Student Essay: “Computer Ergonomics” by Mike Butler Chapter Review Questions Chapter 12: APA and MLA Documentation Styles Choosing Your Citation Style APA APA In-Text Citations APA In-Text Citations by Format APA References Sample Student Essay: “Polar Bears: Bright Outlook or Grim Future” by Adam Cook MLA MLA In-Text Citations MLA In-Text Citations by Format MLA Works Cited MLA Notes Exercise 12.1 Sample Professional Essay: “What Lies Deep in the Unconscious: A Psychoanalytical Scrutiny of Harry Potter in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter Series” by Kaustav Chanda Chapter Review Questions Part Four: Grammar Chapter 13: Sentence Essentials Grammatical Groundwork Parts of Speech Nouns Exercise 13.1 Exercise 13.2 Pronouns Exercise 13.3 Exercise 13.4 Verbs Exercise 13.5 Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs Joiners: Prepositions and Conjunctions Exercise 13.6 Exercise 13.7 Sentences Exercise 13.8 Exercise 13.9 Exercise 13.10 Sentence Patterns Exercise 13.11 Exercise 13.12 Exercise 13.13 Exercise 13.14 Sentence Errors Sentence Fragments Exercise 13.15 Exercise 13.16 Exercise 13.17 Exercise 13.18 Exercise 13.19 Sentence Errors Run-On Sentence Comma Splice Exercise 13.20 Exercise 13.21 Exercise 13.22 Chapter Review Questions Chapter 14: Punctuation Do Commas Matter? Rule Category 1: Items in a Series Rule Category 2: Independent Clauses Rule Category 3: Parenthetical Information Rule Category 4: Conventional and “Comma Sense” Uses Exercise 14.1 Exercise 14.2 When Commas Are Not Required Exercise 14.3 Other Forms of Punctuation Semicolons Exercise 14.4 Colons Dashes and Parentheses Exercise 14.5 Exercise 14.6 Apostrophes Apostrophes for Possession in Nouns Contractions Exercise 14.7 Exercise 14.8 Chapter Review Questions Chapter 15: Agreement, Pronoun, and Sentence Structure Errors Agreement Subject–Verb Agreement Rules for Subject–Verb Agreement Pronouns at Work Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement Problematic Pronouns: Inclusive Language Exercise 15.1 Exercise 15.2 Exercise 15.3 Other Problems with Pronouns Pronoun Reference Exercise 15.4 Exercise 15.5 Exercise 15.6 Exercise 15.7 Pronoun Case Exercise 15.8 Pronoun Consistency Exercise 15.9 Sentence Construction Errors Misplaced Modifiers Dangling Modifiers Exercise 15.10 Exercise 15.11 The Parallelism Principle Exercise 15.12 Exercise 15.13 Passive Constructions: The Lazy Subject Exercise 15.14 Exercise 15.15 Exercise 15.16 Exercise 15.17 Exercise 15.18 Chapter Review Questions Chapter 16: Achieving Clarity and Depth in Your Writing Effective Style: Clarity Exercise 16.1 Exercise 16.2 Cutting for Conciseness Doubling Up: The Noah’s Ark Syndrome Exercise 16.3 Phony Phrases The Small but Not-So-Beautiful Unintensives Writing Directly Numbing Nouns Exercise 16.4 Exercise 16.5 Exercise 16.6 Working toward Precision: Wise Word Choices Exercise 16.7 Exercise 16.8 Exercise 16.9 Exercise 16.10 Exercise 16.11 Common Words That Confuse Exercise 16.12 Providing Depth: Variety and Emphasis Sentence Variety Exercise 16.13 Exercise 16.14 Creating Emphasis Proofreading: Perfection Is Possible Proofreading Methods Guidelines for Proofreading Common Errors Essay Presentation Chapter Review Questions Appendixes Appendix A: Verb Tenses Appendix B: A Checklist for EAL Writers Appendix C: Peer Edit Forms Appendix D: Partial Exercise Answer Key: Chapters 13–15 Appendix E: Essay Templates Glossary Index