Pandemnomics: The Pandemic's Lasting Economic Effects

Description

This book comprehensively addresses the economic and social implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. In each chapter of the book, the effects of the pandemic on different economic and financial sectors are discussed. The book tackles many topics and issues that are of relevance in the post-pandemic world. Some of these issues are the effects of the pandemic on countries' budgets, tax systems, financial and economic policies, and management, in addition, the evaluation of the pandemic in terms of migration and refugees, the historic comparison of its effects with other pandemics, the social media reflections of the pandemic and the global governance discussions. The book also considers the effects of pandemic on the use of digital currencies and the effects of digitalization of employment and robot employment. Foreword by Marc Willinger Foreword by Ronald M. Harstad Acknowledgements Contents Editors and Contributors List of Figures List of Tables Part I Pandemic and Public Economy 1 Evaluation for COVID-19 Outbreak Public Policies in the World Within the Scope of Global Public Goods (GPGs) 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Global Public Goods 1.3 Global Public Bads 1.4 Global Fiscal Policies Implemented Within the Scope of Fight Against COVID-19, a Global Public Bad 1.5 Conclusion References 2 Global Outbreaks from a Historical Perspective and Fiscal Policy: An Analysis for COVID-19 Outbreak 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Global Outbreaks from an Historical Perspective 2.3 Epidemic Diseases in Primeval Era 2.3.1 Three Plague Outbreaks and Financial Practices 2.3.2 Justinian Plague Outbreak and Financial Practices 2.3.3 Black Death Epidemic Period and Financial Practices 2.3.4 Modern Plague Outbreak and Financial Practices 2.4 Epidemics and Financial Practices from the Twentieth Century to Today 2.4.1 Spanish Flu (1918–1919) and Financial Practices 2.4.2 HIV/AIDS Virus (1981– …) and Response Through Financial Policy Instruments 2.5 Corona Virus-Based Millennium Outbreaks and Intervention Through Fiscal Policy Instruments 2.6 Epidemics Before COVID-19 and Intervention Through Fiscal Policy Instruments 2.7 COVID-19 Pandemic and Intervention Through Fiscal Policy Instruments 2.8 Conclusion References 3 Increasing Public Expenditures Due to COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: An Assessment According to Peacock-Wiseman Hypothesis 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Concept of Public Expenditure 3.2.1 Public Expenditures in a Historical Perspective 3.2.2 Economic Crisis and Public Expenditures 3.2.3 Relation Between COVID-19 Epidemic Crisis and Public Expenditures 3.3 An Assessment of Pandemic Expenditures in the Context of Peacock-Wiseman Displacement Hypothesis 3.4 Conclusion References 4 Internal Audit in Times of Crisis: The Case of COVID-19 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Conceptual Framework of Crisis and Crisis Management 4.3 Crisis Management 4.4 Role of Internal Audit in Crisis 4.5 Duties of Internal Auditors in Pre-crisis Period 4.6 Duties of Internal Auditors in Times of Crisis 4.7 Duties of the Internal Auditors in Post-crisis Period 4.8 Conclusion References Part II Pandemic in Turkish Economy 5 Financial Measures Taken in Turkey and Selected Countries in Combatting COVID-19 Outbreak 5.1 Introduction 5.2 COVID-19 Turning into a Pandemic 5.2.1 Outbreak of COVID-19 5.2.2 Global Dimension of COVID-19 5.3 Economic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak 5.3.1 Global Economic Impact of the Pandemic 5.3.2 Economic Impact of the Pandemic on Turkey 5.4 Financial Measures Taken Against the Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected Countries and Turkey 5.4.1 The USA 5.4.2 Brazil 5.4.3 The UK 5.4.4 Italy 5.4.5 Russia 5.4.6 Turkey 5.5 Conclusion References 6 Public Transfer Expenditures in Combatting the Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkey Case and Policy Suggestions 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Transfer Expenditures and Their Economic Impact 6.3 Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Transfer Expenditures 6.4 Macroeconomic and Sectoral Effects of COVID-19 in Turkey 6.5 Transfer Expenditures Measures Taken Against COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey 6.6 Policy Suggestions Against Economic Impact of Pandemic 6.7 Conclusion References 7 Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tax Perception: An Empirical Study 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Conceptual Overview of Tax Compliance and Tax Perception 7.3 Literature Overview 7.4 Methodology 7.4.1 Challenges Encountered Throughout the Study 7.4.2 Findings of the Study and Evaluation of the Results 7.4.3 Evaluation of General Findings and Results 7.5 Evaluation of Findings and Results Differentiated According to Demographic Variables 7.6 Conclusion References 8 COVID-19 Outbreak and Budget Management: An Assessment for Turkey Within the Framework of Selected Country Examples 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Outlook of the Pandemic and Necessity of a Public Intervention 8.3 Economic Trend of the Epidemic: The Necessity of Managing Expectations 8.3.1 Economic Impact of the Epidemic 8.3.2 Combatting Economic Impact of the Epidemic 8.4 Evaluation 8.4.1 In Terms of Legal Infrastructure of Budget Management 8.4.2 In Terms of the Content of Budgetary Measures 8.4.3 In Terms of Transparency of Budgetary Measures 8.5 In Terms of Budget Performance and Its Macroeconomic Results 8.5.1 Evaluation on Confidence Indexes 8.5.2 Evaluations on Credit Usage Rates and Tourism Data 8.5.3 Evaluations on Public Balances 8.5.4 Managing the Risks 8.6 Conclusion References Part III Pandemic and New Financial Trends 9 Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Robot Employment and Digitalization in Employment 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Industrial Revolutions and Robots 9.3 Place of Robots in Employment and Their Development 9.4 Economic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak 9.5 Robot Tax 9.6 Conclusion References 10 Liquidity Steps: Policy Actions Taken by Central Banks During Coronavirus Pandemic 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Fed: The Flagship 10.3 ECB: The Roof of Europe 10.4 PBoC: Country Where the Virus First Emerged 10.5 BoJ: Center of Unusual Methods 10.6 BoE, Coming Down with the Pandemic While in Brexit Pincer 10.7 CBRT, at the Center of Actions 10.8 Conclusion References 11 The Effect of COVID-19 on Electronic Currencies as They Become Common Payment Methods 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Money from the Perspectives of Various Philosophers 11.3 Journey of Money from Its Brief History to Internet 11.3.1 The Order Before Money 11.3.2 Commodity (Good) Money and Shifting to Paper Money 11.3.3 Electronic-Digital-Virtual Confusion and Plastic Period 11.4 New Catalyst in Financial Transformation: COVID-19 11.4.1 Digital Transformation 11.4.2 Modern Payment Systems 11.4.3 COVID-19 Being Included in the Process 11.4.4 Technological Competence 11.5 Conclusion References 12 Health and Refugee Protection as a Global Public Good: Evaluation of COVID-19 in Terms of Refugees 12.1 Introduction 12.2 General Framework of the Concept of GPG 12.2.1 Health and Refugee Protection as GPGs 12.2.2 Nature of COVID-19 Outbreak 12.2.3 Refugees’ Conditions During COVID-19 Outbreak 12.3 Conclusion References 13 Analysis of Selected Twitter Headers During the Pandemic Using Big Data Method 13.1 Introduction 13.2 New Socialization and Setting the Agenda on Twitter 13.3 Studies on the Literature 13.4 Big Data and Following Twitter Agenda (1–31 May 2020) 13.4.1 Research Results 13.4.2 Method 13.4.3 Preparing Data Set 13.5 Data Pre-processing and Clearance 13.6 Data Analysis 13.7 Conclusion References Discussion Index