Heating Systems: Design, Applications and Technology

Description

"Heating Systems: Design, Applications and Technology first discusses the development of different types of district heating systems, highlighting the main features of low temperature district heating and discussing its potential for supplying decarbonised heat. As buildings consume about 40% of the world's annual energy consumption globally, the authors focus on the evaluation of residential heating system alternatives using fuzzy numbers. Multi-criteria decision making techniques, fuzzy AHP and fuzzy ANP methods are used for evaluation and the results of both algorithms are compared. Research is presented which is aimed at designing a logistics system for X Gas Company to ensure efficient distribution of liquefied petroleum gas, which begins with the ordering process and ends with the placement of stations in Istanbul-Turkey, taking into account the storage, preparation, loading and delivery operations of X Gas Company. In closing, three types of electro heating skin-systems are presented and the main features of skin heating systems are considered. The advantages of these systems for heating extra-long pipelines transporting oil, gas, water and other liquids are explored"-- Contents Preface Chapter 1 Decarbonising Heating Systems: The Role of Low Temperature District Heating Abstract Introduction District Heating System Temperature Levels Heat Supply Potential Advantages of LTDH Lower Heat Losses Better Quality Match between Heat Supply and Heat Demand and Higher Exergy Efficiency Better Utilisation of Low Temperature Heat Sources Higher Power-to-Heat Ratio in Steam CHP Plants Direct Flue Gas Condensation Leading to Higher Heat Utilization Greater Utilization and Reduced Heat Loss in Thermal Storage Units Higher Efficiency Reduced Thermal Stress on Pipelines Lower Risk of Scalding Future Ready Systems Simulation of Impact of Lower Supply Temperature in DH System Description of Simulated DH System Salient Parameters for Considered Case Simulation Results Impact on Electricity Consumption Impact on Exergy Efficiency Challenges in Lowering Temperatures in DH High Specific Heat Demand in Buildings Hot Water Storage at Temperature Greater Than 55-60 C Improper Heating System Design Errors at Substation and Customer Heating System Solutions for Lowering Temperatures in DH Deep Retrofits of Building Envelope Segregation of DHW and SH Supply Other Measures Replacing District Heating Pipes Implementation of LTDH Examples of LTDH Systems Conclusion References Chapter 2 Residential Heating System Selection Using MCDM Techniques Abstract Introduction Energy Consumption in Housing Unvented Fuel-Fired Heaters HVAC Systems Electric Integrated Systems, Heat Pumps Radiator Heating Systems Floor Heating Systems Materials and Methods Participants Fuzzy AHP Methodology Fuzzy ANP Methodology Application: Evaluation of Heating System Alternatives Computational Results of Fuzzy AHP Methodology Computational Results of Fuzzy ANP Methodology Conclusion References Chapter 3 Designing a Logistics System to Ensure Efficient Distribution of LPG Energy Abstract Introduction Logıstıcs Logıstıcs Costs Hazardous Materıals Logıstıcs Vehıcle Routıng Problems Applıcatıon Vehıcle Routıng Model Assumptions Conclusion References Chapter 4 Skin-Systems for Heating Extra-Long Pipelines Introduction Brief Description of Skin Systems Schematic Diagram of a Closed Skin-Heating System Schematic Diagram of an Open Skin-Heating System Feature of Skin Systems Relationship of Specific Power and Length of Heating System Technical and Economic Efficiency of Introduction of Skin-Heating Systems of Extra-Long Pipelines System Implementation References Index Blank Page