Senescence Back and Forth

Description

This book is about lifelong ageing of humans. The basic biochemical and genetic mechanisms remain ill known, and differ among individuals. The book starts out to explore the plant and animal kingdoms to answer questions human ageing needs for understanding. First, we come to scrutinize time running out and what ‘normal’ means with impacts on the genome and on protein half- lives and function. Ageing goes beyond biochemical skid treated by geroprotector drugs, including biosimilars; albeit early diagnosis with standard medical laboratory assays, here addressed, sheds light with focus on basic research. Modern tools, including machine learning, and DNA technology, e.g. genomics, have already provided for unanticipated insights. The chapters then turn around senescence of the entire organism based on variable ageing of single organs embedded in neuronal networks . Psychological stress factors, dementia opposed to vigilance, and distinction of ageing from overt disease are contrasting in humans and are opposed in the book. Senescence, seen as a one way track may be reverted into rejuvenation, made possible by insights into immunosenescence and genomic approaches. Risk management in health insurance finds important clues in this book. The topics addressed between the book covers help to understand the trend to the ever- prolonging life expectancy beyond the centenarian age group; nursing care takers and pharmaceutical industry are invited to understand what’ is going on in senior people to make their geriatric population remain fit or become frail. Preface Acknowledgments Contents About the Authors List of Figures 1 Time 1.1 Senescence is Time Dependent 1.2 The Eranos Lecture of Monte Verità 1.3 Senescence on the Move 1.4 In Pursuit of Wisdom—What’s Next 1.5 Boon and Bane References 2 Genetics—The Language of Proteomics 2.1 Manipulate the Back and Forth Meaning with Genomics 2.2 Gene Scissor Technology—CRISPR References 3 Senescence in Plants 3.1 Plants, Good Examples for Senescence Information References 4 Senescence in Animals 4.1 Zoological Senescence References 5 Rejuvenation/Regeneration 5.1 A Button off May Turn on Something Else 5.2 Senescence and Religion 5.3 Immortality at Its Best 5.4 Suicide 5.5 Organ Transplants 5.6 Artificial Organs (Distinguish Cellular Organs from Artificial Material) 5.7 3D Bioprinting 5.8 Life Transplants 5.9 Xenotransplantation References 6 Overlap Senescence/Chronic Disease 6.1 Ambiguity Between Two Different Medical Conditions 6.2 Examples of Senescence Studies 6.2.1 Georgia Centenarian Study 6.2.2 Yale Y-Age 6.2.3 Centenarians in Iowa 6.2.4 Banner Alzheimer’s Institute 6.2.5 The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) 6.2.6 PolSenior 2 6.2.7 DO-HEALTH 6.2.8 Seniorlabor Study References 7 Mosaic of Aging 7.1 Manifold Senescence in the Same Individual 7.2 Repair/Rejuvenation of Senescent/Aging Organs 7.3 The Senescing Memory and How to Measure Memory 7.4 Type Hunter 7.5 Bigger Brains 7.6 Heart and Vascular Tree 7.7 Lungs 7.8 Pleura 7.9 Liver 7.10 Pancreas 7.11 Intestine 7.12 Diversity at Its Best References 8 Remaining Life 8.1 Look into the Rear—View Mirror 8.2 What the Future Might Hold (Kirkwood 2015) 8.3 What We Know Up to Now 8.4 What the Future Will Show (Kirkwood 2015) References 9 Medical Laboratory Technology 9.1 Fire and Brimstone Sermon 9.2 What the Future Will Show 9.3 Age Pervasiveness of Frequent Diseases 9.3.1 Health Tests 9.4 Metabolic Profile 9.5 Aging, Hallmarks, and Biomarkers 9.6 Laboratory Assays as Biomarkers of Aging 9.6.1 Hematological and Related Aspects 9.7 Ferritin 9.8 Glucose Metabolism 9.9 Reference Intervals Found in the SENIORLABOR Study (Risch et al. 2018) 9.10 The Complement System References 10 Geroprotector 10.1 Technical and Medical Possibilities 10.2 Agree on Desired Metrics 10.3 Immediate Action References 11 Hannibal Ante Portas 11.1 Hopeful or Dangerous Future Glossary