Design of concrete structures

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Design of Concrete Structures 16th Global Edition Cover Title Page Copyright Page About the Authors Contents Preface Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Concrete, Reinforced Concrete, and Prestressed Concrete 1.2 Structural Forms 1.3 Loads 1.4 Serviceability, Strength, and Structural Safety 1.5 Design Basis 1.6 Design Codes and Specifications 1.7 Safety Provisions of the ACI Code 1.8 Developing Factored Gravity Loads 1.9 Contract Documents and Inspection References Problems Chapter 2 Materials 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Cement 2.3 Aggregates 2.4 Proportioning and Mixing Concrete 2.5 Conveying, Placing, Consolidating, and Curing 2.6 Quality Control 2.7 Admixtures 2.8 Properties in Compression 2.9 Properties in Tension 2.10 Strength under Combined Stress 2.11 Shrinkage and Temperature Effects 2.12 High-Strength Concrete 2.13 Reinforcing Steels for Concrete 2.14 Reinforcing Bars 2.15 Welded Wire Reinforcement 2.16 Prestressing Steels 2.17 Fiber Reinforcement References Problems Chapter 3 Design of Concrete Structures and Fundamental Assumptions 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Members and Sections 3.3 Theory, Codes, and Practice 3.4 Fundamental Assumptions for Reinforced Concrete Behavior 3.5 Behavior of Members Subject to Axial Loads 3.6 Bending of Homogeneous Beams References Problems Chapter 4 Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Reinforced Concrete Beam Behavior 4.3 Design of Tension-Reinforced Rectangular Beams 4.4 Design Aids 4.5 Practical Considerations in the Design of Beams 4.6 Rectangular Beams with Tension and Compression Reinforcement 4.7 T Beams References Problems Chapter 5 Shear and Diagonal Tension in Beams 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Diagonal Tension in Homogeneous Elastic Beams 5.3 Reinforced Concrete Beams without Shear Reinforcement 5.4 Reinforced Concrete Beams with Web Reinforcement 5.5 ACI Code Provisions for Shear Design 5.6 Effect of Axial Forces 5.7 Beams with Varying Depth 5.8 Alternative Models for Shear Analysis and Design 5.9 Shear-Friction Design Method References Problems Chapter 6 Bond, Anchorage, and Development Length 6.1 Fundamentals of Flexural Bond 6.2 Bond Strength and Development Length 6.3 ACI Code Provisions for Development of Tension Reinforcement 6.4 Anchorage of Tension Bars by Hooks 6.5 Anchorage in Tension Using Headed Bars 6.6 Anchorage Requirements for Web Reinforcement 6.7 Welded Wire Reinforcement 6.8 Development of Bars in Compression 6.9 Bundled Bars 6.10 Bar Cutoff and Bend Points in Beams 6.11 Structural Integrity Provisions 6.12 Integrated Beam Design Example 6.13 Bar Splices References Problems Chapter 7 Serviceability 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Cracking in Flexural Members 7.3 ACI Code Provisions for Crack Control 7.4 Control of Deflections 7.5 Immediate Deflections 7.6 Deflections Due to Long-Term Loads 7.7 ACI Code Provisions for Control of Deflections 7.8 Deflections Due to Shrinkage and Temperature Changes 7.9 Moment vs. Curvature for Reinforced Concrete Sections References Problems Chapter 8 Analysis and Design for Torsion 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Torsion in Plain Concrete Members 8.3 Torsion in Reinforced Concrete Members 8.4 Torsion Plus Shear 8.5 ACI Code Provisions for Torsion Design References Problems Chapter 9 Short Columns 9.1 Introduction: Axial Compression 9.2 Transverse Ties and Spirals 9.3 Compression Plus Bending of Rectangular Columns 9.4 Strain Compatibility Analysis and Interaction Diagrams 9.5 Balanced Failure 9.6 Distributed Reinforcement 9.7 Unsymmetrical Reinforcement 9.8 Circular Columns 9.9 ACI Code Provisions for Column Design 9.10 Design Aids 9.11 Biaxial Bending 9.12 Load Contour Method 9.13 Reciprocal Load Method 9.14 Computer Analysis for Biaxial Bending of Columns 9.15 Bar Splicing in Columns and Ties Near Beam-Column Joints 9.16 Transmission of Column Loads through Floor Systems 9.17 Shear in Columns References Problems Chapter 10 Slender Columns 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Concentrically Loaded Columns 10.3 Compression Plus Bending 10.4 ACI Criteria for Slenderness Effects in Columns 10.5 ACI Criteria for Nonsway vs. Sway Structures 10.6 ACI Moment Magnifier Method for Nonsway Frames 10.7 ACI Moment Magnifier Method for Sway Frames 10.8 Second-Order Analysis for Slenderness Effects References Problems Chapter 11 Analysis, Idealization, and Preliminarily Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams and Frames 11.1 Continuity 11.2 Loading 11.3 Simplifications in Frame Analysis 11.4 Methods for Elastic Analysis 11.5 Idealization of the Structure 11.6 Preliminary Design and Guidelines for Proportioning Members 11.7 Approximate Analysis 11.8 ACI Moment Coefficients 11.9 Limit Analysis 11.10 Conclusion References Problems Chapter 12 Analysis and Design of One-Way Slabs 12.1 Types of Slabs 12.2 Design of One-Way Slabs 12.3 Considerations for One-Way Slab Design 12.4 Internal Ductwork Reference Problems Chapter 13 Analysis and Design of Two-Way Slabs 13.1 Two-Way Edge-Supported Slabs 13.2 Two-Way Column-Supported Slabs 13.3 Flexural Reinforcement for Column-Supported Slabs 13.4 Depth Limitations of the ACI Code 13.5 Direct Design Method 13.6 Equivalent Frame Method 13.7 Shear Design in Flat Plates and Flat Slabs 13.8 Transfer of Moments at Columns 13.9 Transfer Column Loads through Slabs 13.10 Openings in Slabs 13.11 Deflection Calculations 13.12 Analysis for Horizontal Loads References Problems Chapter 14 Walls 14.1 Introduction 14.2 General Design Considerations 14.3 Simplified Design Method for Axial Load and Out-of-Plane Moment 14.4 Alternative Method for Out-of-Plane Slender Wall Analysis 14.5 Shear Walls References Problems Chapter 15 Footings and Foundations 15.1 Types and Functions 15.2 Spread Footings 15.3 Design Factors 15.4 Loads, Bearing Pressures, and Footing Size 15.5 Wall Footings 15.6 Column Footings 15.7 Combined Footings 15.8 Two-Column Footings 15.9 Strip, Grid, and Mat Foundations 15.10 Deep Foundations References Problems Chapter 16 Retaining Walls 16.1 Function and Types of Retaining Walls 16.2 Earth Pressure 16.3 Earth Pressure for Common Conditions of Loading 16.4 External Stability 16.5 Basis of Structural Design 16.6 Drainage and Other Details 16.7 Example: Design of a Gravity Retaining Wall 16.8 Example: Design of a Cantilever Retaining Wall 16.9 Counterfort Retaining Walls 16.10 Precast Retaining Walls References Problems Chapter 17 Strut-and-Tie Method 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Development of the Strut-and-Tie Method 17.3 Strut-and-Tie Design Methodology 17.4 ACI Provisions for the Strut-and-Tie Method 17.5 Applications References Problems Chapter 18 Design of Reinforcement at Joints 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Beam-Column Joints 18.3 Strut-and-Tie Method for Joint Behavior 18.4 Beam-to-Girder Joints 18.5 Ledge Girders 18.6 Corners and T Joints 18.7 Brackets and Corbels References Problems Chapter 19 Concrete Building Systems 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Floor and Roof Systems 19.3 Precast Concrete for Buildings 19.4 Diaphragms 19.5 Engineering Drawings for Buildings References Chapter 20 Seismic Design 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Structural Response 20.3 Seismic Loading Criteria 20.4 ACI Provisions for Earthquake-Resistant Structures 20.5 ACI Provisions for Special Moment Frames 20.6 ACI Provisions for Special Structural Walls, Coupling Beams, Diaphragms, and Trusses 20.7 ACI Provisions for Shear Strength 20.8 ACI Provisions for Intermediate Moment Frames References Problems Chapter 21 Anchoring to Concrete 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Behavior of Anchors 21.3 Concrete Breakout Capacity 21.4 Anchor Design 21.5 ACI Code Provisions for Concrete Breakout Capacity 21.6 Steel Strength 21.7 Concrete Breakout Capacity of Single Cast-In and Post-Installed, Undercut, and Screw Anchors 21.8 Pullout Strength of Anchors 21.9 Side-Face Blowout 21.10 Pryout of Anchors 21.11 Combined Shear and Normal Force 21.12 Anchor Reinforcement 21.13 Adhesive Anchors 21.14 Screw Anchors 21.15 Earthquake Design 21.16 Shear Lug Attachments References Problems Chapter 22 Prestressed Concrete 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Effects of Prestressing 22.3 Sources of Prestress Force 22.4 Prestressing Steels 22.5 Concrete for Prestressed Construction 22.6 Elastic Flexural Analysis 22.7 Flexural Strength 22.8 Partial Prestressing 22.9 Flexural Design Based on Concrete Stress Limits 22.10 Shape Selection 22.11 Tendon Profiles 22.12 Flexural Design Based on Load Balancing 22.13 Loss of Prestress 22.14 Shear, Diagonal Tension, and Web Reinforcement 22.15 Transfer Length and Development Length 22.16 Anchorage Zone Design 22.17 Deflection 22.18 Crack Control for Class C Flexural Members References Problems Chapter 23 Yield Line Analysis for Slabs 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Upper and Lower Bound Theorems 23.3 Rules for Yield Lines 23.4 Analysis by Segment Equilibrium 23.5 Analysis by Virtual Work 23.6 Orthotropic Reinforcement and Skewed Yield Lines 23.7 Special Conditions at Edges and Corners 23.8 Fan Patterns at Concentrated Loads 23.9 Limitations of Yield Line Theory References Problems Chapter 24 Strip Method for Slabs 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Basic Principles 24.3 Choice of Load Distribution 24.4 Rectangular Slabs 24.5 Fixed Edges and Continuity 24.6 Unsupported Edges 24.7 Slabs with Holes 24.8 Advanced Strip Method 24.9 Comparisons of Yield Line and Strip Methods for Slab Analysis and Design References Problems Appendix A Design Aids Appendix B SI Conversion Factors: Inch-Pound Units to SI Units Author Index Subject Index