Human Anatomy Laboratory Manual with Cat Dissections

Description

Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 2 Copyright Page......Page 3 Contents......Page 4 Preface for the Instructor......Page 8 Acknowledgments......Page 10 A Word to the Student......Page 12 Exercise 1: The Language of Anatomy......Page 14 Activity 1: Locating Body Regions......Page 17 Activity 2: Observing Sectioned Specimens......Page 18 Activity 3: Practicing Using Correct Anatomical Terminology......Page 19 Activity 4: Identifying Organs in the Abdominopelvic Cavity......Page 21 Activity 5: Locating Abdominal Surface Regions......Page 22 Group Challenge: The Language of Anatomy......Page 23 Review Sheet: The Language of Anatomy......Page 24 Exercise 2: Organ Systems Overview......Page 28 Dissection and Identification: The Organ Systems of the Rat......Page 29 Activity 3: Opening the Ventral Body Cavity......Page 30 Activity 4: Examining the Ventral Body Cavity......Page 31 Activity 5: Examining the Human Torso Model......Page 36 Group Challenge: Odd Organ Out......Page 37 Review Sheet: Organ Systems Overview......Page 38 Exercise 3: The Microscope......Page 40 Activity 1: Identifying the Parts of a Microscope......Page 41 Activity 2: Viewing Objects Through the Microscope......Page 43 Activity 3: Estimating the Diameter of the Microscope Field......Page 45 Activity 5: Preparing and Observing a Wet Mount......Page 46 Review Sheet: The Microscope......Page 48 Exercise 4: The Cell: Anatomy and Division......Page 52 Activity 1: Identifying Parts of a Cell......Page 53 Activity 4: Examining the Cell Model......Page 54 Activity 5: Observing Various Cell Structures......Page 55 Activity 6: Identifying the Mitotic Stages......Page 58 Review Sheet: The Cell: Anatomy and Division......Page 62 Exercise 5: Classification of Tissues......Page 66 Activity 1: Examining Epithelial Tissue Under the Microscope......Page 68 Activity 2: Examining Connective Tissue Under the Microscope......Page 74 Activity 3: Examining Nervous Tissue Under the Microscope......Page 80 Activity 4: Examining Muscle Tissue Under the Microscope......Page 81 Review Sheet: Classification of Tissues......Page 84 Exercise 6: The Integumentary System......Page 90 Activity 1: Locating Structures on a Skin Model......Page 91 Activity 3: Plotting the Distribution of Sweat Glands......Page 95 Activity 4: Identifying Nail Structures......Page 96 Activity 5: Comparing Hairy and Relatively Hair-Free Skin Microscopically......Page 97 Activity 6: Taking and Identifying Inked Fingerprints......Page 98 Review Sheet: The Integumentary System......Page 100 Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton: Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages......Page 104 Activity 2: Examining a Long Bone......Page 106 Activity 4: Examining the Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone......Page 109 Activity 5: Examining the Osteogenic Epiphyseal Plate......Page 111 Review Sheet: Overview of the Skeleton: Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages......Page 114 Exercise 8: The Axial Skeleton......Page 118 Activity 1: Identifying the Bones of the Skull......Page 119 Activity 2: Palpating Skull Markings......Page 126 Activity 3: Examining Spinal Curvatures......Page 129 Activity 4: Examining Vertebral Structure......Page 132 Activity 6: Examining a Fetal Skull......Page 135 Review Sheet: The Axial Skeleton......Page 138 Exercise 9: The Appendicular Skeleton......Page 146 Activity 1: Examining and Identifying Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton......Page 147 Activity 3: Observing Pelvic Articulations......Page 152 Activity 4: Comparing Male and Female Pelves......Page 154 Activity 6: Constructing a Skeleton......Page 158 Review Sheet: The Appendicular Skeleton......Page 160 Exercise 10: Articulations and Body Movements......Page 168 Activity 2: Identifying Cartilaginous Joints......Page 169 Activity 3: Examining Synovial Joint Structure......Page 172 Activity 5: Demonstrating Movements of Synovial Joints......Page 173 Activity 7: Demonstrating Actions at the Knee Joint......Page 177 Activity 9: Demonstrating Actions at the Shoulder Joint......Page 178 Group Challenge: Articulations: “Simon Says”......Page 180 Review Sheet: Articulations and Body Movements......Page 182 Exercise 11: Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle......Page 186 Activity 2: Observing the Histologic Structure of a Skeletal Muscle......Page 189 Activity 3: Studying the Structure of a Neuromuscular Junction......Page 191 Review Sheet: Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle......Page 192 Exercise 12: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System......Page 196 Activity 1: Identifying Muscles of the Head and Neck......Page 197 Activity 2: Identifying Muscles of the Trunk......Page 206 Activity 3: Identifying Muscles of the Upper Limb......Page 212 Activity 6: Making a Muscle Painting......Page 219 Activity 7: Preparing the Cat for Dissection......Page 230 Activity 8: Dissecting Trunk and Neck Muscles......Page 232 Activity 9: Dissecting Forelimb Muscles......Page 237 Activity 10: Dissecting Hindlimb Muscles......Page 240 Review Sheet: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System......Page 246 Exercise 13: Histology of Nervous Tissue......Page 254 Activity 1: Identifying Parts of a Neuron......Page 257 Activity 2: Studying the Microscopic Structure of Selected Neurons......Page 259 Activity 3: Examining the Microscopic Structure of a Nerve......Page 260 Activity 4: Studying the Structure of Selected Sensory Receptors......Page 261 Review Sheet: Histology of Nervous Tissue......Page 264 Exercise 14: Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves......Page 268 Activity 1: Identifying External Brain Structures......Page 269 Activity 2: Identifying Internal Brain Structures......Page 272 Dissection: The Sheep Brain......Page 282 Group Challenge: Odd (Cranial) Nerve Out......Page 287 Review Sheet: Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves......Page 288 Exercise 15: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves......Page 294 Activity 1: Identifying Structures of the Spinal Cord......Page 295 Activity 2: Identifying Spinal Cord Tracts......Page 298 Dissection: Spinal Cord......Page 299 Activity 5: Dissecting Nerves of the Lumbosacral Plexus......Page 306 Review Sheet: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves......Page 310 Exercise 16: The Autonomic Nervous System......Page 314 Activity 1: Locating the Sympathetic Trunk (Chain)......Page 315 Activity 2: Comparing Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Effects......Page 317 Review Sheet: The Autonomic Nervous System......Page 318 Exercise 17: Special Senses: Anatomy of the Visual System......Page 320 Activity 2: Identifying Internal Structures of the Eye......Page 322 Dissection: The Cow (Sheep) Eye......Page 323 Activity 4: Predicting the Effects of Visual Pathway Lesions......Page 325 Review Sheet: Special Senses: Anatomy of the Visual System......Page 328 Activity 1: Demonstrating the Blind Spot......Page 332 Activity 2: Determining Near Point of Accommodation......Page 333 Activity 3: Testing Visual Acuity......Page 334 Activity 6: Testing for Depth Perception......Page 335 Activity 7: Conducting an Ophthalmoscopic Examination......Page 336 Review Sheet: Special Senses: Visual Tests and Experiments......Page 338 Exercise 19: Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium......Page 340 Activity 1: Identifying Structures of the Ear......Page 341 Activity 3: Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Cochlea......Page 343 Activity 4: Conducting Laboratory Tests of Hearing......Page 344 Activity 6: Conducting Laboratory Tests on Equilibrium......Page 347 Review Sheet: Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium......Page 350 Exercise 20: Special Senses: Olfaction and Taste......Page 354 Activity 1: Microscopic Examination of the Olfactory Epithelium......Page 356 Activity 5: Demonstrating Olfactory Adaptation......Page 357 Activity 6: Examining the Combined Effects of Smell, Texture, and Temperature on Taste......Page 358 Review Sheet: Special Senses: Olfaction and Taste......Page 360 Exercise 21: Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands......Page 362 Activity 1: Identifying the Endocrine Organs......Page 363 Dissection and Identification: Selected Endocrine Organs of the Cat......Page 365 Activity 2: Opening the Ventral Body Cavity......Page 366 Activity 3: Identifying Organs......Page 367 Activity 4: Examining the Microscopic Structure of Endocrine Glands......Page 368 Group Challenge: Odd Hormone Out......Page 371 Review Sheet: Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands......Page 372 Exercise 22: Blood......Page 376 Activity 1: Determining the Physical Characteristics of Plasma......Page 378 Activity 2: Examining the Formed Elements of Blood Microscopically......Page 379 Activity 3: Conducting a Differential White Blood Cell Count......Page 382 Activity 4: Determining the Hematocrit......Page 383 Activity 5: Determining Hemoglobin Concentration......Page 385 Activity 6: Determining Coagulation Time......Page 386 Activity 7: Typing for ABO and Rh Blood Groups......Page 387 Activity 9: Measuring Plasma Cholesterol Concentration......Page 389 Review Sheet: Blood......Page 390 Exercise 23: Anatomy of the Heart......Page 394 Activity 1: Using the Heart Model to Study Heart Anatomy......Page 397 Activity 2: Tracing the Path of Blood Through the Heart......Page 398 Activity 3: Using the Heart Model to Study Coronary Circulation......Page 399 Dissection: The Sheep Heart......Page 400 Activity 4: Examining Cardiac Muscle Tissue Anatomy......Page 403 Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Heart......Page 404 Exercise 24: Anatomy of Blood Vessels......Page 408 Activity 1: Examining the Microscopic Structure of Arteries and Veins......Page 410 Activity 2: Locating Arteries on an Anatomical Chart or Model......Page 417 Activity 3: Identifying the Systemic Veins......Page 421 Activity 5: Tracing the Hepatic Portal Circulation......Page 422 Activity 6: Tracing the Pathway of Fetal Blood Flow......Page 423 Activity 8: Identifying the Blood Vessels......Page 425 Review Sheet: Anatomy of Blood Vessels......Page 434 Exercise 25: The Lymphatic System and Immune Response......Page 442 Activity 1: Identifying the Organs of the Lymphatic System......Page 443 Activity 2: Studying the Microscopic Anatomy of a Lymph Node, the Spleen, and a Tonsil......Page 445 Group Challenge: Compare and Contrast Lymphoid Organs and Tissues......Page 448 Review Sheet: The Lymphatic System and Immune Response......Page 450 Exercise 26: Anatomy of the Respiratory System......Page 454 Dissection and Identification: The Respiratory System of the Cat......Page 459 Activity 4: Identifying Organs of the Respiratory System of the Cat......Page 462 Activity 5: Observing Lung Tissue Microscopically......Page 464 Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Respiratory System......Page 466 Exercise 27: Anatomy of the Digestive System......Page 472 Activity 1: Identifying Organs of the Alimentary Canal......Page 474 Activity 2: Studying the Histologic Structure of Selected Digestive System Organs......Page 477 Activity 3: Observing the Histologic Structure of the Small Intestine......Page 482 Activity 4: Examining the Histologic Structure of the Large Intestine......Page 483 Activity 5: Identifying Types of Teeth......Page 484 Activity 8: Examining the Histology of the Pancreas......Page 485 Activity 10: Exposing and Viewing the Salivary Glands and Oral Cavity Structures......Page 489 Activity 11: Identifying Alimentary Canal Organs......Page 490 Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Digestive System......Page 494 Exercise 28: Anatomy of the Urinary System......Page 500 Dissection: Gross Internal Anatomy of the Pig or Sheep Kidney......Page 501 Activity 2: Studying Nephron Structure......Page 507 Activity 4: Identifying Organs of the Urinary System......Page 508 Group Challenge: Urinary System Sequencing......Page 511 Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Urinary System......Page 512 Exercise 29: Anatomy of the Reproductive System......Page 516 Activity 1: Identifying Male Reproductive Organs......Page 517 Activity 2: Conducting a Microscopic Study of Selected Male Reproductive Organs......Page 520 Activity 3: Identifying Female Reproductive Organs......Page 522 Activity 4: Conducting a Microscopic Study of Selected Female Reproductive Organs......Page 525 Activity 5: Identifying Organs of the Male Reproductive System......Page 526 Activity 6: Identifying Organs of the Female Reproductive System......Page 527 Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Reproductive System......Page 532 Exercise 30: Surface Anatomy Roundup......Page 538 Activity 1: Palpating Landmarks of the Head......Page 540 Activity 2: Palpating Landmarks of the Neck......Page 541 Activity 3: Palpating Landmarks of the Trunk......Page 542 Activity 4: Palpating Landmarks of the Abdomen......Page 545 Activity 5: Palpating Landmarks of the Upper Limb......Page 546 Activity 6: Palpating Landmarks of the Lower Limb......Page 549 Review Sheet: Surface Anatomy Roundup......Page 554 Credits......Page 556 Index......Page 558 Laboratory Guidelines......Page 578 The Metric System......Page 579