5G New Radio Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

Description

This book provides detailed descriptions of downlink non-orthogonal multiple transmissions and uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) from the aspects of majorly used 5G new radio scenarios and system performance. For the downlink, the discussion focuses on the candidate schemes in 3GPP standards which are not only applicable to unicast services but also to broadcast/multicast scenarios. For the uplink, the main target scenario is massive machine-type communications where grant-free transmission can reduce signaling overhead, power consumption of devices and access delays. The design principles of several uplink NOMA schemes are discussed in-depth, together with the analysis of their performances and receiver complexities. Devoted to the basic technologies of NOMA and its theoretical principles, data analysis, basic algorithms, evaluation methodology and simulation results, this book will be an essential read for researchers and students of digital communications, wireless communications engineers and those who are interested in mobile communications in general. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Foreword Preface Authors Abbreviations CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Evolution of Mobile Communications 1.2 System Requirements for 5G Mobile Communications 1.2.1 Major Use Scenarios and Deployment Scenarios 1.2.2 Key Performance Indicators 1.2.3 General Methodology for Performance Evaluation 1.3 Major Types of Schemes for Downlink Noma 1.4 Major Types of Schemes for Uplink Noma References CHAPTER 2 Basics of Downlink Multiple Access 2.1 Principle of Downlink Multiple Access 2.2 Simulation Evaluation Methodology 2.2.1 Parameters and Metrics for Link-Level Simulations 2.2.2 Link to System Mapping 2.2.2.1 Algorithm and Link to System Mapping for ML Receivers 2.2.2.2 Link to System Mapping for CWIC, SLIC and MMSE-IRC Receivers 2.2.3 Parameters for System-Level Simulations 2.2.3.1 Deployment Scenarios and Cell Topology 2.2.3.2 Traffic Models and Metrics 2.2.4 Scheduling Algorithms 2.2.4.1 Criterion for User Pairing 2.2.4.2 Transmit Power Allocation 2.2.4.3 Calculation of SINR for NOMA 2.2.4.4 Calculation of the PF Metric 2.2.4.5 Procedure of Scheduling 2.3 Direct Superposition of Symbols 2.3.1 Transmitter-Side Processing 2.3.2 Receiver Algorithm 2.4 Gray Mapping with Flexible Power Ratios 2.4.1 Transmitter-Side Processing 2.4.1.1 Superposition with Mirror Transformation 2.4.1.2 Inclusive OR of Bits 2.4.2 Receiver Algorithms 2.5 Bit Partition 2.5.1 Transmitter-Side Processing 2.5.2 Receiver Algorithms 2.6 Performance Evaluation 2.6.1 Link-Level Performance 2.6.2 System Performance 2.6.2.1 Full-Buffer Traffic and Wideband Scheduling 2.6.2.2 FTP Traffic, Two Transmit Antennas, Wideband Scheduling 2.6.2.3 FTP Traffic, Two Transmit Antennas, and Sub-Band Scheduling 2.7 Other Techniques 2.7.1 Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding References CHAPTER 3 Non-Orthogonal Transmission for Downlink Broadcast/Multicast 3.1 Application Scenarios 3.2 Brief Introduction of Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH) in LTE 3.3 Non-Orthogonal Transmission for Broadcast/Multicast Services 3.4 Performance Evaluation Via Simulation References CHAPTER 4 Standardization of Downlink Superposition Transmission 4.1 Merged Solution of Downlink Noma 4.1.1 Unification of MUST Category 2 4.1.2 For Case 1 and Case 2, the Modulation Order of Far User Is Limited to QPSK 4.1.3 Power Allocation for Case 1/Case 2, and Finalizing the Solution 4.2 Brief Introduction of Downlink Physical Control Signaling for Must 4.2.1 Identified Potential Assistance Information during the Study Item Phase 4.2.2 Criteria for Downlink Control Signaling Design 4.2.3 Trimming of Potential Assistance Information 4.3 Signaling for Must Case 1/2 4.4 Signaling for Must Case 3 References CHAPTER 5 General Discussion of Uplink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access 5.1 Grant-Free Access 5.1.1 Scenario Analysis 5.1.2 Basic Procedure 5.1.2.1 Transmission in RRC Inactive 5.1.2.2 Two-Step Random Access (2-step RACH) 5.2 Brief Discussion on Evaluation Methodology 5.2.1 Overall Configuration of Link-Level Simulations and Evaluation Metrics 5.2.2 General Simulation Setting for System-Level Simulations and Evaluation Metrics 5.2.2.1 mMTC Scenario 5.2.2.2 eMBB Small-Data Scenario 5.2.2.3 uRLLC Scenario 5.3 Brief Introduction of the Noma Transmitter and Receiver References CHAPTER 6 Uplink Transmitter-Side Solutions and Receiver Algorithms 6.1 Short Sequence-Based Linear Spreading and Typical Receiver Algorithms 6.1.1 Design Principles 6.1.1.1 TSC-Bound Equality (TBE) Codebooks 6.1.1.2 Welch Bound Codebooks and Equiangular Tight Frame (ETF) Codebooks 6.1.1.3 Specific Design Criteria Considering Deployment Scenarios 6.1.1.4 Other Design Criteria 6.1.2 Description of Specific Codebooks 6.1.2.1 Codebooks with Highly Quantized Elements (MUSA and NOCA) 6.1.2.2 Sequences Satisfying Total-Squared-Correlation Bound (TBE) 6.1.2.3 Cyclic Difference Set ETF and Grassmannian Sequence (NCMA) 6.1.2.4 General Total Squared Correlation Bound Equality (GTBE) Sequences, e.g., UGMA 6.1.2.5 Sparse Spreading Sequences, e.g., PDMA 6.1.2.6 Summary 6.1.3 Symbol-Level Scrambling 6.1.4 MMSE Hard IC Receiver Algorithms and Complexity Analysis 6.1.4.1 MMSE Hard Interference Cancelation Receiver 6.1.4.2 Analysis of Computation Complexity 6.2 Bit-Level-Based Schemes and Typical Receivers 6.2.1 Transmitter-Side Schemes 6.2.1.1 Interleaver-Based Bit-Level Processing 6.2.1.2 Bit Scrambler-Based Processing 6.2.2 ESE + SISO Receiver and Complexity Analysis 6.2.2.1 ESE + SISO Receiver Algorithms 6.2.2.2 Complexity Analysis of the ESE + SISO Receiver 6.3 Multi-Dimensional Modulation-Based Spreading and Typical Receivers 6.3.1 Introduction of SCMA 6.3.1.1 Multi-Symbol Joint Modulation 6.3.1.2 Sparse resource mapping 6.3.1.3 Codebook Resource Pool 6.3.2 EPA + SISO Receiver Algorithm and Complexity Analysis 6.3.2.1 Principle of EPA 6.3.2.2 Complexity Analysis of the EPA Receiver 6.4 Multi-Branch Transmission References CHAPTER 7 Performance Evaluation of Uplink Contentionfree Grant-free NOMA Transmissions 7.1 Simulation Parameters 7.1.1 Simulation Parameters for the Link Level 7.1.2 Link-to-System Mapping 7.1.2.1 User Identification and Channel Estimation 7.1.2.2 To Calculate the SINR of the Target User Based on the MMSE Criterion 7.1.2.3 To Obtain the Effective SINR and BLER 7.1.2.4 To Perform Interference Cancellation 7.1.3 System Simulation Parameters 7.2 Analysis of Link-Level Simulation 7.2.1 Simulation Cases for Low-to-Medium Spectral Efficiency 7.2.1.1 Simulation Case 1 7.2.1.2 Simulation Case 2 7.2.1.3 Simulation Case 14 7.2.1.4 Simulation Case 16 7.2.1.5 Simulation Case 18 7.2.2 High-Spectral-Efficiency Operation 7.2.2.1 Simulation Case 3 7.2.2.2 Simulation Case 4 7.2.2.3 Simulation Case 5 7.2.2.4 Simulation Case 15 7.2.2.5 Simulation Case 17 7.2.2.6 Simulation Case 20 7.3 System-Level Performance 7.3.1 mMTC Scenario 7.3.1.1 Case 1: Each User Is Allocated 1 PRB + 1 ms of Time-Frequency Resources in the Baseline; for MUSA, Each Use Transmits in 1 PRB + 4 ms of Time-Frequency Resources 7.3.1.2 Case 2: Each User Occupies 6 PRBs + 1 ms Time-Frequency Resource for Both the Baseline and MUSA 7.3.1.3 Case 3: Each User Occupies 1 PRB + 6 ms Time-Frequency Resource for Both the Baseline and MUSA 7.3.2 eMBB Small Data Scenario 7.3.2.1 Case 1: Each User in the Baseline Occupies 3 PRBs + 1 ms Time and Frequency Resource; Each User in MUSA Occupies 12 PRB + 1 ms Time and Frequency Resource 7.3.2.2 Case 2: Each User Occupies 12 PRBs + 1 ms Time and Frequency Resource in Both the Baseline and MUSA 7.3.3 uRLLC Scenario 7.3.3.1 Case 1: Each User Occupies 3 PRBs + 0.25 ms Time and Frequency Resource in the Baseline and 12 PRBs + 0.25 ms Resource in MUSA 7.3.3.2 Case 2: Each User Occupies 12 PRBs + 0.25 ms Time and Frequency Resource in the Baseline and MUSA 7.4 Peak-to-Average Power Ratio 7.4.1 CP-OFDM Waveform 7.4.2 DFT-S-OFDM Waveform References CHAPTER 8 System Design and Performance Evaluation of Contention-based Grant-free NOMA Transmissions 8.1 Procedure of Contention-Based Grant-Free Access 8.2 Preamble + Data Channel Structure 8.2.1 Candidate Channel Structure 8.2.2 Function Description 8.2.2.1 User Detection 8.2.2.2 Data Detection 8.2.3 Basic Design Aspects 8.2.3.1 Time and Frequency Resource Allocation 8.2.3.2 Sequences 8.3 Data-Only Solution 8.3.1 Channel Structure 8.3.2 Receiver Algorithm 8.3.2.1 Blind Detection for the Data-Only Solution of Single Receiver Antennas 8.3.2.2 Blind Receiver for Data-Only Solution under Multiple Receiver Antennas 8.4 DMRS Enhancements 8.4.1 Enhanced Designs 8.4.1.1 Configuration Signaling 8.5 Performance Evaluation and Methodology 8.5.1 Line-Level Simulation Parameters 8.5.2 Link to System Mapping (PHY Abstraction) 8.5.2.1 Preamble or Reference Signal-Based 8.5.2.2 Validation of LS Channel Estimation 8.5.2.3 Validation of Link to System Mapping 8.5.2.4 Data-Only-Based 8.6 Performance Evaluations 8.6.1 Link-Level Simulation Results 8.6.2 System-Level Simulation Results 8.6.2.1 Data-Only Solution 8.6.2.2 (Preamble + Data) Solution References