Essentials of Osborn’s Brain: A Fundamental Guide for Residents and Fellows

Description

Designed to facilitate easier understanding of a complex subject, Essentials of Osborn’s Brain: A Fundamental Guide for Residents and Fellows is a highly practical guide to neuroradiology by world-renowned expert Dr. Anne G. Osborn. This concise text is derived from Osborn's Brain, second edition, and contains the essential must-know information critical for residents and fellows in radiology, neuroradiology, and neurosurgery—all in a format that's ideal for study and daily reference. Title page......Page 2 Table of Contents......Page 4 Copyright......Page 17 Contributing Authors......Page 20 Introduction......Page 22 Image Contributors......Page 24 Acknowledgments......Page 28 Year 1/Rotation 1 Curriculum......Page 31 Year 2/Rotation 2 Curriculum......Page 42 Year 3/Rotation 3 Curriculum......Page 56 Year 4/Rotation 4 Curriculum......Page 82 Year 5/Rotation 5 (Including Fellowship) Curriculum......Page 114 Final Thoughts......Page 146 Section 1: Trauma......Page 148 Chapter 1: Trauma Overview......Page 149 Introduction......Page 151 Imaging Acute Head Trauma......Page 153 Trauma Imaging: Keys to Analysis......Page 156 Chapter 2: Primary Effects of CNS Trauma......Page 170 Scalp and Skull Injuries......Page 173 Extraaxial Hemorrhages......Page 192 Parenchymal Injuries......Page 264 Miscellaneous Injuries......Page 300 Chapter 3: Secondary Effects and Sequelae of CNS Trauma......Page 338 Herniation Syndromes......Page 340 Edema, Ischemia, and Vascular Injury......Page 371 Section 2: Nontraumatic Hemorrhage and Vascular Lesions......Page 395 Chapter 4: Approach to Nontraumatic Hemorrhage and Vascular Lesions......Page 396 Imaging Hemorrhage and Vascular Lesions......Page 399 Approach to Nontraumatic Hemorrhage......Page 404 Approach to Vascular Disorders of CNS......Page 422 Chapter 5: Spontaneous Parenchymal Hemorrhage......Page 436 Primary (Spontaneous) Intracranial Hemorrhage......Page 438 Evolution of Intracranial Hemorrhage......Page 441 Macrohemorrhages......Page 492 Microhemorrhages......Page 509 Chapter 6: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Aneurysms......Page 521 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage......Page 523 Aneurysms......Page 560 Chapter 7: Vascular Malformations......Page 607 CVMs With Arteriovenous Shunting......Page 611 CVMs Without Arteriovenous Shunting......Page 652 Chapter 8: Arterial Anatomy and Strokes......Page 702 Normal Arterial Anatomy and Vascular Distributions......Page 705 Arterial Infarcts......Page 720 Chapter 9: Venous Anatomy and Occlusions......Page 804 Normal Venous Anatomy and Drainage Patterns......Page 806 Cerebral Venous Thrombosis......Page 819 Venous Occlusion Mimics......Page 864 Chapter 10: Vasculopathy......Page 874 Atherosclerosis......Page 877 Nonatheromatous Vascular Diseases......Page 904 Section 3: Infection, Inflammation, and Demyelinating Diseases......Page 973 Chapter 11: Approach to Infection, Inflammation, and Demyelination......Page 974 CNS Infections......Page 976 HIV/AIDS......Page 981 Demyelinating and Inflammatory Diseases......Page 982 Chapter 12: Congenital, Acquired Pyogenic, and Acquired Viral Infections......Page 986 Congenital Infections......Page 989 Acquired Pyogenic Infections......Page 1004 Acquired Viral Infections......Page 1062 Chapter 13: Tuberculosis and Fungal, Parasitic, and Other Infections......Page 1090 Mycobacterial Infections......Page 1092 Fungal Infections......Page 1113 Parasitic Infections......Page 1130 Miscellaneous and Emerging CNS Infections......Page 1158 Chapter 14: HIV/AIDS......Page 1178 HIV Infection......Page 1181 Opportunistic Infections......Page 1194 Neoplasms in HIV/AIDS......Page 1231 Chapter 15: Demyelinating and Inflammatory Diseases......Page 1243 Multiple Sclerosis and Variants......Page 1246 Postinfection and Postimmunization Demyelination......Page 1280 Other Autoimmune Disorders......Page 1302 Inflammatory-Like Disorders......Page 1323 Section 4: Neoplasms, Cysts, and Tumor-Like Lesions......Page 1344 Chapter 16: Introduction to Neoplasms, Cysts, and Tumor-Like Lesions......Page 1345 Classification and Grading of CNS Neoplasms......Page 1348 Intracranial Cysts......Page 1373 Chapter 17: Astrocytomas......Page 1381 General Features of Astrocytomas......Page 1384 Localized Astrocytomas......Page 1389 Diffuse Astrocytomas......Page 1419 Chapter 18: Nonastrocytic Glial Neoplasms......Page 1483 Oligodendrogliomas......Page 1485 Ependymal Tumors......Page 1499 Choroid Plexus Tumors......Page 1521 Other Neuroepithelial Tumors......Page 1534 Chapter 19: Neuronal and Glioneuronal Tumors......Page 1545 Glioneuronal Tumors......Page 1547 Neuronal Tumors......Page 1569 Chapter 20: Pineal and Germ Cell Tumors......Page 1603 Germ Cell Tumors......Page 1605 Pineal Parenchymal Tumors......Page 1620 “Other Cell” Pineal and Pineal Region Neoplasms......Page 1643 Chapter 21: Embryonal Neoplasms......Page 1651 Medulloblastoma......Page 1653 Other CNS Embryonal Tumors......Page 1679 Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors......Page 1689 Chapter 22: Tumors of the Meninges......Page 1706 Meningomas......Page 1708 Nonmeningothelial Mesenchymal Tumors......Page 1760 Other Related Neoplasms......Page 1788 Chapter 23: Nerve Sheath Tumors......Page 1812 Schwannomas......Page 1815 Neurofibromas......Page 1860 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor......Page 1869 Chapter 24: Lymphomas and Hematopoietic and Histiocytic Tumors......Page 1877 Lymphomas and Related Disorders......Page 1880 Histiocytic Tumors......Page 1908 Hematopoietic Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions......Page 1918 Chapter 25: Sellar Neoplasms and Tumor-Like Lesions......Page 1938 Normal Imaging Variants......Page 1944 Congenital Lesions......Page 1953 Neoplasms......Page 1967 Miscellaneous Lesions......Page 1995 Differential Diagnosis of a Sellar Region Mass......Page 2011 Chapter 26: Miscellaneous Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions......Page 2031 Extracranial Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions......Page 2033 Intracranial Pseudoneoplasms......Page 2056 Chapter 27: Metastases and Paraneoplastic Syndromes......Page 2067 Metastatic Lesions......Page 2069 Paraneoplastic Syndromes......Page 2110 Chapter 28: Nonneoplastic Cysts......Page 2119 Extraaxial Cysts......Page 2123 Parenchymal Cysts......Page 2155 Intraventricular Cysts......Page 2175 Section 5: Toxic, Metabolic, Degenerative, and CSF Disorders......Page 2200 Chapter 29: Approach to Toxic, Metabolic, Degenerative, and CSF Disorders......Page 2201 Anatomy and Physiology of the Basal Ganglia and Thalami......Page 2203 Toxic and Metabolic Disorders......Page 2209 Chapter 30: Toxic Encephalopathy......Page 2237 Alcohol and Related Disorders......Page 2240 Amphetamines and Derivatives......Page 2259 Opioids and Derivatives......Page 2266 Inhaled Gases and Toxins......Page 2273 Metal Poisoning and Toxicity......Page 2288 Treatment-Related Disorders......Page 2293 Chapter 31: Inherited Metabolic Disorders......Page 2307 Normal Myelination and White Matter Development......Page 2310 Classification of Inherited Metabolic Disorders......Page 2318 IMDs Predominantly Affecting White Matter......Page 2320 IMDs Predominantly Affecting Gray Matter......Page 2347 Disorders Affecting Both Gray and White Matter......Page 2363 Chapter 32: Acquired Metabolic and Systemic Disorders......Page 2404 Hypertensive Encephalopathies......Page 2407 Glucose Disorders......Page 2433 Thyroid Disorders......Page 2443 Parathyroid and Related Disorders......Page 2451 Seizures and Related Disorders......Page 2469 Miscellaneous Disorders......Page 2489 Chapter 33: Dementias and Brain Degenerations......Page 2520 The Normal Aging Brain......Page 2523 Dementias......Page 2529 Degenerative Disorders......Page 2574 Chapter 34: Hydrocephalus and CSF Disorders......Page 2608 Normal Anatomy of the Ventricles and Cisterns......Page 2611 Normal Variants......Page 2617 Hydrocephalus......Page 2628 CSF Leaks and Sequelae......Page 2663 Section 6: Congenital Malformations of the Skull and Brain......Page 2679 Chapter 35: Embryology and Approach to Congenital Malformations......Page 2680 Cerebral Hemisphere Formation......Page 2682 Imaging Approach to Brain Malformations......Page 2692 Chapter 36: Posterior Fossa Malformations......Page 2702 Chiari Malformations......Page 2704 Hindbrain Malformations......Page 2733 Chapter 37: Commissural and Cortical Maldevelopment......Page 2754 Commissural Anomalies......Page 2756 Malformations of Cortical Development......Page 2765 Abnormalities of Neuronal Migration......Page 2771 Malformations Secondary to Abnormal Postmigrational Development......Page 2784 Chapter 38: Holoprosencephalies, Related Disorders, and Mimics......Page 2801 Holoprosencephaly......Page 2803 Related Midline Disorders......Page 2816 Holoprosencephaly Mimics......Page 2821 Chapter 39: Familial Cancer Predisposition Syndromes......Page 2831 Neurofibromatosis......Page 2833 Other Common Familial Tumor Syndromes......Page 2865 Chapter 40: Vascular Neurocutaneous Syndromes......Page 2906 Capillary Malformation Syndromes......Page 2908 Other Vascular Phakomatoses......Page 2926 Chapter 41: Anomalies of the Skull and Meninges......Page 2944 Cephaloceles......Page 2946 Craniosynostoses......Page 2954 Meningeal Anomalies......Page 2959 Index......Page 2971