Microstructure Atlas of P22 Steel

Description

This book highlights the qualitative and quantitative sequential changes in microstructure of P22 steel under various stress and temperature conditions. The P22 alloy is an established material used under elevated temperature and stress for the components of thermal power plants. Temperature and stress levels for laboratory experimentation have been selected based on the true operating condition of a boiler. This book describes both continuous as well as interrupted tests that were performed under given parameters. Subsequently, the microstructures, bulk hardness and NDE parameters (magnetic and non-linear ultrasonic) have been evaluated. For reliable data, the microstructures have been observed at different regions of creep exposed samples by different characterization techniques. This has been further followed by drawing correlation between specific features like precipitate size variation with creep strain / creep time and so on. Given the contents, this book will be a useful reference for researchers and professionals working in the area of materials especially in thermal power plants. Acknowledgements Contents About the Authors 1 Metallurgy of P22 Steel References 2 As-Received Pipe Details 2.1 Dimensions: Pipe and Creep Specimen 2.2 Material Composition 2.3 Mechanical Properties 3 Creep Testing Under Different Conditions 3.1 Creep Life of P22 Steel 3.2 Creep Curves 4 Micrographs Description 4.1 As-Received Pipe 4.2 Creep Exposure at 550 °C Temperature and 115 MPa Stress 4.3 Creep Exposure at 575 °C Temperature and 115 MPa Stress 4.4 Creep Exposure at 600 °C Temperature and 100 MPa Stress 5 Effect of Creep Exposure on Material Behaviours 5.1 Precipitate Size Variation 5.2 Hardness Variation 5.3 Magnetic Coercivity and MBE Voltage 5.4 Nonlinear Ultrasonic (NLU) Parameter 5.5 Conventional Ultrasonic Parameter Supplements Brief Description of Experimental Methodologies Sample Preparation Creep Testing Microscopy of Samples Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy Transmission Electron Microscopy Image Analysis Mechanical Property Determination Brief Description of NDE Techniques Electromagnetic Method Nonlinear Ultrasonic (NLU) Technique