Mental Health Nursing

Description

Here’s the must-know information LPN/LVN students need to care for patients with mental health disorders where they’ll encounter them?in general patient care settings.   An easy-to-read, conversational writing style shows you how to recognize and respond to the most important mental health issues. You’ll also explore important communication techniques, ethical and legal issues, and alternative and complementary treatments. Coverage of nursing interventions, basic psychiatric nursing skills, and psychopharmacology prepares you for the NCLEX-PN® exam and clinical practice. Better than the mental health chapter from a typical textbook“Everything you need to learn about mental health.”—Lisa J., Online Student Reviewer Perfect“Easy to study, love it.”—Liza, Online Student Reviewer   Expanded! “LPN/LVN Connections,” a consistent, LPN/LVN-focused approach to design, organization, and features, makes F.A. Davis texts easier for students and instructors to use across the curriculumUpdated! The latest knowledge and practices in the field, including revisions from the DSM-5-TR 2022New & Updated! Coverage of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression, the opioid crisis, and mental illness in the homeless and veteran populations, and systemic racism in health careNew! “Patient Education” and “Evidence-Based Practice” boxesFull-color illustrations, tables, bulleted lists, and a reader-friendly writing style to make concepts easy to understandFocus on the new, NCLEX-PN® test planCoverage of mental health conditions across the lifespanCare plans with detailed descriptions of specific interventions and expected outcomesContent on specific nursing interventions and basic psychiatric nursing skillsCoverage of psychopharmacology, including must-know side effectsCase studies with critical-thinking questions to emphasize clinical-reasoning skillsCrucial information on palliative and restorative care for long-term care settingsDiscussions on alternative treatment modalities to facilitate communications with people of different religious and cultural backgrounds as well as descriptions of religious and cultural beliefs and their impact on mental health and treatment COVER Inside Front Cover Copyright Acknowledgments Preface LPN/LVN CONNECTIONS Textbook Design, Style, and Pedagogy Standardized Student and Faculty Resources F.A. DAVIS LPN/LVN ADVISORY BOARD Consultant Reviewers Table of Contents UNIT ONE: Foundations for Mental Health Nursing UNIT TWO: Threats to Mental Health UNIT THREE: Special Populations UNIT ONE Foundations for Mental Health Nursing CHAPTER 1 History of Mental Health Nursing THE TRAILBLAZERS Florence Nightingale Dorothea Dix Linda Richards Harriet Bailey Effie Jane Taylor Mary Mahoney Hildegard Peplau Hattie Bessent Bessie Blount Grifn THE FACILITIES Asylums Hospitals Free-Standing Facilities THE BREAKTHROUGHS Nurse Training Psychotropic Medications Deinstitutionalization Organizations for Mental Health Nurses and Others THE LAW Hill-Burton Act National Mental Health Act of 1946 Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 Patient Bill of Rights Afordable Care Act Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 2 Basics of Communication COMMUNICATION THEORY Sender, Receiver, and Interpretation of Message TYPES OF COMMUNICATION Verbal and Written Communication Nonverbal Communication Aggressive Communication VersusAssertive Communication Aggressive Communication Assertive Communication Social Communication Therapeutic Communication Neurolinguistic Programming CHALLENGES TOCOMMUNICATION People Who Have Hearing Impairments People Who Have Visual Impairments People Who Have Laryngectomies People With Language Differences People Who Have Aphasic/Dysphasic Disorders THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION Nontherapeutic Communication Techniques of Therapeutic/Helping Communication ADAPTIVE COMMUNICATIONTECHNIQUES People Who Have Hearing Impairments People Who Have Visual Impairments People Who Have Laryngectomies People With Language Differences People Who Have Aphasic/Dysphasic Disorders Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 3 Ethics, Evidence-Based Practice, and Regulations PROFESSIONALISM ETHICS EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE Standards of Care Nurse Practice Act Accurate Documentation Culture of Nurses CONFIDENTIALITY Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act The Joint Commission RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTABILITY Impaired Nurses ABIDING BY THE CURRENT REGULATIONS Good Samaritan Laws Involuntary Commitment Voluntary Commitment Restraint Usage PATIENTS’ RIGHTS PATIENT ADVOCACY COMMUNITY RESOURCES Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 4 Developmental Psychology Throughout the Life Span HUMAN DEVELOPMENT DE VELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: NEWBORN TO ADOLESCENCE Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) Erik Erikson (1902–1994) Jean Piaget (1896–1980) Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987) DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS:ADOLESCENCE TO ADULTHOOD Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) Karen Horney (1885–1952) Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) and B. F.Skinner (1904–1990) Abraham Maslow (1908–1970) Physiological Needs Safety and Security Love and Belonging Self-Esteem Self-Actualization Carol Gilligan (1936– ) Carl Rogers (1902–1987) Carl Jung (1875–1961) STAGES OF HUMANDEVELOPMENT Death and Dying Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (1926–2004) Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 5 Sociocultural Influences on Mental Health THE SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT CULTURE RELIGION SPIRITUALITY ETHNICITY THE CHANGING FAMILY HOMELESSNESS ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS ABUSE PARENTING Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 6 Nursing Process in Mental Health NURSING PROCESS STEP 1: ASSESSING THE PATIENT’S MENTAL HEALTH Guidelines for Nurse-Patient Helping Interview STEP 2: NURSING DIAGNOSIS: DEFINING PATIENT PROBLEMS STEP 3: PLANNING (SHORT- AND LONG-TERM GOALS) STEP 4: IMPLEMENTATIONS/ INTERVENTIONS Patient Teaching Principles of Learning Principles of Teaching Additional Patient Teaching Tips STEP 5: EVALUATION/OUTCOME Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 7 Stress, Coping, and Defense Mechanisms COPING DEFENSE MECHANISMS Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 8 Medications and Other Therapies PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics, Major Tranquilizers) Antiparkinson Agents (Anticholinergics) Antianxiety Agents (Anxiolytics/ Minor Tranquilizers) Antidepressants (Mood Elevators) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Tricyclic Antidepressants Tetracyclic Antidepressants (Heterocyclic Antidepressants) Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Alternative Treatments for Depression Antimanic Agents (Mood Stabilizing Agents) Lithium Carbonate Anticonvulsants Stimulants MILIEU PSYCHOTHERAPIES Psychoanalysis Free Association Dream Analysis Hypnosis Catharsis Behavior Modifcation Cognitive Therapies Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) Person-Centered/Humanistic Therapy Unconditional Positive Regard Counseling versus Psychotherapy Pastoral or Cultural Counseling Group Therapy Other Types of Therapy Electroconvulsive Therapy Nursing Responsibilities Humor Therapy Animal-Assisted Therapy Crisis Intervention Goals of Crisis Intervention Nursing Responsibilities Legal Considerations in Crisis Intervention SUMMARY Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 9 Complementary and Alternative Treatment Modalities THE MIND-BODY CONNECTION AND MINDFULNESS COMMON COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS Biofeedback Aromatherapy Herbal and Dietary Supplements Traditional Chinese Medicine Ayurveda Massage, Energy, and Touch Yoga Hypnotherapy Neurolinguistic Programming PRIMARY SENSORY REPRESENTATION SUMMARY Key Points Review Questions UNIT TWO Threats to Mental Health CHAPTER 10 Anxiety, Somatic Symptom Disorders, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ANXIETY DISORDERS ETIOLOGY AND SYMPTOMSOF ANXIETY DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES Diagnostic Studies Treatments TYPES OF ANXIETY ANDANXIETY-RELATED DISORDERS Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Panic Disorder Specific Phobia MEDICAL TREATMENT OF PEOPLEWITH ANXIETY AND ANXIETYRELATEDDISORDERS ALTERNATIVE INTERVENTIONSFOR PEOPLE WITH ANXIETY ANDANXIETY-RELATED DISORDERS Aromatherapy Biofeedback Hypnotherapy Additional Alternative Interventions NURSING CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH ANXIETY AND ANXIETY RELATED DISORDERS General Interventions SOMATIC SYMPTOM ANDRELATED DISORDERS Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) Etiology of Somatic SymptomDisorder Differential Diagnoses Somatic Symptom Related Disorders Medical Treatment of Patients With Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Alternative Interventions for Patients With Somatic Symptom and RelatedDisorders Nursing Care of the Patient With Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES Psychotherapeutic Treatments (APA,Clinical, 2017) Complementary and AlternativeTherapies for PTSD Diagnostic Test Nursing Interventions CHAPTER 11 Depressive Disorders TYPES OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS Major Depressive Disorder Prolonged Grief Disorder Persistent Depressive Disorder Postpartum Depression Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Depressive Disorder With Seasonal Pattern DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS ETIOLOGY OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS TREATMENT OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS Alternative Treatments Light Therapy Herbal and Nutritional Therapy NURSING CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS General Nursing Interventions CONCEPT MAP Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 12 Bipolar Disorders CHARACTERISTICS OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS Manic Phase Depressed Phase ETIOLOGY OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS Differential Diagnoses TREATMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS NURSING CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH BIPOLAR DISORDERS General Nursing Interventions Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 13 Suicide THE REALITY OF SUICIDE ETIOLOGY OF SUICIDE The Warning Signs of Suicide Differential Diagnosis TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR SUICIDE NURSING CARE OF THE SUICIDAL PATIENT General Nursing Interventions Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 14 Personality Disorders TYPES OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster A Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder Cluster B Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cluster C Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH PERSONALITY DISORDERS General Nursing Interventions for Personality Disorders Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 16 Neurocognitive Disorders: Delirium and Dementia DELIRIUM Treatment of Delirium DEMENTIA Alzheimer’s Disease Other Forms of Dementia Differential Diagnosis of Delirium and Dementia DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR DEMENTIA Treatment of Dementias NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH DELIRIUM AND DEMENTIA General Nursing Interventions Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 17 Substance Use and Addictive Disorders ALCOHOL Effect on the Family Alcohol’s Impact on Health Etiology of Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder OTHER SUBSTANCES Etiology of Substance Use Disorders Treatment of Substance Use Disorders NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS (INCLUDING ALCOHOL) General Nursing Interventions Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 18 Eating Disorders ANOREXIA NERVOSA SYMPTOMS OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA Etiology of Anorexia Nervosa TREATMENT OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA BULIMIA Symptoms of Bulimia Etiology of Bulimia Treatment of Bulimia BINGE EATING DISORDER MORBID OBESITY Etiology of Morbid Obesity Treatment of Morbid Obesity NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH EATING DISORDERS General Nursing Interventions for Patients With Eating Disorders Review Questions Key Points UNIT THREE Special Populations CHAPTER 19 Childhood and Adolescent Mental Health Issues DEPRESSION, BIPOLAR DISORDER, AND SUICIDE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Depression Bipolar Disorder Suicide Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Suicidal Behavior Nursing Care of Children and Adolescents With Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Suicidal Behavior General Nursing Interventions ATTENTION DEFICIT- HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Treatment of Children and Adolescents With ADHD Nursing Care of Children and Adolescents with ADHD General Nursing Interventions AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Treatment of Children and Adolescents with ASD Nursing Care of Children and Adolescents With ASD General Nursing Interventions CONDUCT DISORDER Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Conduct Disorder Nursing Care of Children and Adolescents With Conduct Disorder General Nursing Interventions Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 20 Postpartum Issues in Mental Health POSTPARTUM BLUES Treatment of Postpartum Blues POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION Treatment of Postpartum Depression POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS Treatment of Postpartum Psychosis NURSING CARE OF WOMEN WITH POSTPARTUM MENTAL DISORDERS General Nursing Interventions Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 21 Aging Population ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND OTHER COGNITIVE ALTERATIONS CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (STROKE) Depression Associated With CVA Aphasia DEPRESSION IN THE OLDER ADULT MEDICATION CONCERNS PARANOID THINKING INSOMNIA END-OF-LIFE ISSUES SOCIAL CONCERNS NURSING SKILLS FOR WORKING WITH OLDER ADULTS RESTORATIVE NURSING PALLIATIVE CARE Key Points Review Questions CHAPTER 22 Abuse and Violence THE ABUSER THE VICTIM CATEGORIES OF ABUSE Child Abuse Sexual Abuse Intimate Partner Violence Elder Abuse TREATMENT OF ABUSE NURSING CARE OF VICTIMS OF ABUSE General Nursing Interventions Key Points Review Questions APPENDIX A Answers and Rationales CHAPTER 1 History of Mental Health Nursing CHAPTER 2 Basics of Communication CHAPTER 3 Ethics, Evidence-Based Practice, and Regulations CHAPTER 4 Developmental Psychology Throughout the Life Span CHAPTER 5 Sociocultural Influences on Mental Health CHAPTER 6 Nursing Process in Mental Health CHAPTER 7 Stress, Coping, and Defense Mechanisms CHAPTER 8 Medications and Other Therapies CHAPTER 9 Complementary and Alternative Treatment Modalities CHAPTER 10 Anxiety, Somatic Symptom Disorders, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder CHAPTER 11 Depressive Disorders CHAPTER 12 Bipolar Disorders CHAPTER 13 Suicide CHAPTER 14 Personality Disorders CHAPTER 15 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders CHAPTER 16 Neurocognitive Disorders: Delirium and Dementia CHAPTER 17 Substance Use and Addictive Disorders CHAPTER 18 Eating Disorders CHAPTER 19 Childhood and Adolescent Mental Health Issues CHAPTER 20 Postpartum Issues in Mental Health CHAPTER 21 Aging Population CHAPTER 22 Abuse and Violence APPENDIX B Agencies That Help People Who Have Threats to Their Mental Health APPENDIX C Organizations That Support the Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse APPENDIX D Standards of Nursing Practice for LPNs/LVNs NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES (NALPN) CODE FOR LICENSED PRACTICAL/VOCATIONAL NURSES NALPN NURSING PRACTICE STANDARDS Introductory Statement Standards Education Legal/Ethical Status Practice CONTINUING EDUCATION SPECIALIZED NURSING PRACTICE APPENDIX E Assigning Nursing Diagnoses to Client Behaviors Glossary Index