Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns. 19th International Conference, CAIP 2021 Virtual Event, September 28–30, 2021 Proceedings

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Preface Organization Contents – Part I Contents – Part II 3D Vision Simultaneous Bi-directional Structured Light Encoding for Practical Uncalibrated Profilometry 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Mathematical Investigation 3.1 Background: Sinusoidal Phase Shifting Method 3.2 Amplitude of Superposition 3.3 Combined Patterns 3.4 Mathematical Solution to the Problem 4 Application to Real World 4.1 Swapping Step 5 Evaluation 6 Conclusions References Joint Global ICP for Improved Automatic Alignment of Full Turn Object Scans 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Background: Rigid Point Cloud Alignment 3.1 Orthogonal Procrustes Problem 3.2 Iterative Closest Point (ICP) 3.3 Full Turn Registration: Pulli's Approach 4 Joint Rigid Point Cloud Alignment 5 Outlier Rejection 6 Evaluation 6.1 Stopping Criterion 7 Conclusion References Fast Projector-Driven Structured Light Matching in Sub-pixel Accuracy Using Bilinear Interpolation Assumption 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Fast Projector Driven Matching (FPDM) 3.1 Matching Integer Pixel Quads 3.2 Topological Consistency Check (TCC) 4 Bilinear Sub-pixel Matching 4.1 Sub-pixel Position in Unit Patch 4.2 Mapping to Convex Quad 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Pyramidal Layered Scene Inference with Image Outpainting for Monocular View Synthesis 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Method 2.1 Outpainting 2.2 Pyramidal Network Architecture 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Out of the Box: Embodied Navigation in the Real World 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Real-World Navigation with Habitat 3.1 Baseline Architecture 3.2 Training in Simulation 3.3 LoCoNav: Adapting for Real World 4 Experiments 5 Conclusion References Toward a Novel LSB-based Collusion-Secure Fingerprinting Schema for 3D Video 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Overview on the Existing 3D Video Watermarking Techniques 2.2 The Tracing Traitor: A Brief Review 3 The General Tracing System 3.1 The Copyright Registration Step 3.2 The Collusion Attacks 3.3 The Copyright Identification Step 4 The Proposed Traitor Tracing Framework 4.1 The Proposed Copyright Registration Step 4.2 The Proposed Copyright Identification Scheme 5 Experimental Results 5.1 The Watermarking Results 5.2 The Tracing Results 6 Conclusions and Future Work References A Combinatorial Coordinate System for the Vertices in the Octagonal C4C8(R) Grid 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 The 2-Valued Labelling by Ashrafi and Loghman ch7AshrafiLsps2008 2.2 The 4-Valued Coordinate System by Taghizadeh et al. ch7TaghizadehAGsps2012 2.3 The 2-Valued Coordinate System by Taghizadeh et al. ch7TaghizadehAGsps2012 2.4 The 3-Valued Coordinate System by Siddiqui et al. ch7SiddiquiNRIsps2016 and Naeem et al. ch7NaeemSGGsps2018 2.5 The 3-Valued Coordinate System by Heydari and Taeri ch7HeydariTspsRsps2007 3 The Combinatorial Coordinate System 3.1 Definition 3.2 Connection with the Cartesian Coordinates 3.3 Neighbors 4 Conversion to/from Existing Coordinate Systems 4.1 The 2-Valued Labelling by Ashrafi and Loghman ch7AshrafiLsps2008 4.2 The 4-Valued Coordinate System by Taghizadeh et al. ch7TaghizadehAGsps2012 4.3 The 3-Valued Coordinate System by Siddiqui et al. ch7SiddiquiNRIsps2016 and Naeem et al. ch7NaeemSGGsps2018 4.4 The 3-Valued Coordinate System by Heydari and Taeri ch7HeydariTspsRsps2007 5 Discussion References Bilingual Speech Recognition by Estimating Speaker Geometry from Video Data 1 Introduction 2 3D Speaker Geometry Estimation 3 Methodology 3.1 Object Detection 3.2 Speech Recognition System 4 Results 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Cost-Efficient Color Correction Approach on Uncontrolled Lighting Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Previous Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Data 3.2 Color Correction 4 Results 5 Conclusions References HPA-Net: Hierarchical and Parallel Aggregation Network for Context Learning in Stereo Matching 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Deep Neural Networks for Stereo Matching 2.2 Multi-scale Information 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Network Architecture 3.2 Hierarchical Aggregation (HA) Network 3.3 Parallel Aggregation (PA) Network 3.4 Output Module and Loss Function 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Datasets and Evaluation Metrics 4.2 Implementation Details 4.3 Ablation Studies 4.4 KITTI Datasets Results 5 Conclusion References MTStereo 2.0: Accurate Stereo Depth Estimation via Max-Tree Matching 1 Introduction 2 MTStereo 2.0 2.1 Steps Performed by MTStereo 2.0 3 Experiments 3.1 Evaluation 3.2 Results and Comparison 4 Conclusions References Biomedical Image and Pattern Analysis H-OCS: A Hybrid Optic Cup Segmentation of Retinal Images 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Method 2.1 Region of Interest Extraction 2.2 Network Architecture 2.3 Loss Function 2.4 Transfer Learning 2.5 Postprocessing 3 Experimental Analysis 3.1 Datasets 3.2 Implementation Details 3.3 Effectiveness of TL and IA 3.4 Effectiveness of Loss Functions 3.5 Comparison with Other Approaches 4 Conclusion References Retinal Vessel Segmentation Using Blending-Based Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Method 2.1 Datasets 2.2 Blending and Enhancement-Based Strategy 2.3 GAN Synthesization 2.4 CNN-Based Segmentation 3 Experimental Evaluation 3.1 Qualitative Result 3.2 Quantitative Result 4 Conclusion References U-Shaped Densely Connected Convolutions for Left Ventricle Segmentation from CMR Images 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Preprocessing 3.3 Architecture 3.4 Post-processing 3.5 Evaluation Metrics 4 Experiments and Results 5 Conclusion References Deep Learning Approaches for Head and Operculum Segmentation in Zebrafish Microscopy Images 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Image Acquisition and Dataset Description 2.2 Two Deep Learning Strategies 2.3 U-Net Implementation 2.4 Experimental Protocol 2.5 Model Training with Different Loss Functions 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Robustness to Image Acquisition with Another Microscope 4 Conclusions References Shape Analysis Approach Towards Assessment of Cleft Lip Repair Outcome 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Dataset and Tools 2.2 Feature Description and Detection 2.3 Symmetrical Axis Detection and Measurement 2.4 Conversion of Similarity Measure to a Numeric Score 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Image Segmentation 3.2 Evaluation of Aesthetic Assessment 4 Conclusion References MMEC: Multi-Modal Ensemble Classifier for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Convolutional Neural Networks 2.2 BERT 2.3 Inception Recurrent Networks 2.4 Multi-Modal Ensemble Classifier 2.5 Genetic Algorithm 3 Datasets and Evaluation Metric 3.1 Datasets 3.2 Evaluation Metric 4 Experimental Evaluation 4.1 CB6133 4.2 CB513 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Patch-Level Nuclear Pleomorphism Scoring Using Convolutional Neural Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Data and Materials 3 Methods 3.1 Model Training 4 Experimental Set-Up 5 Results 5.1 Validation Results 5.2 Test Results 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References Automatic Myelofibrosis Grading from Silver-Stained Images 1 Introduction 2 Related Work and Open Issues 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Data Set 3.2 Image Classification 4 Experimental Evaluation 4.1 Experimental Set-Up 4.2 Results 5 Conclusions References A Deep Learning-Based Pipeline for Celiac Disease Diagnosis Using Histopathological Images 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Data 2.2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References HEp-2 Cell Image Recognition with Transferable Cross-Dataset Synthetic Samples 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Datasets 4 Proposed Method 5 Evaluation and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Clinically Guided Trainable Soft Attention for Early Detection of Oral Cancer 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Materials 4 Method 4.1 Attention Network 4.2 Guided Attention 4.3 Technical Details 5 Results 6 Discussion and Conclusion References Small and Large Bile Ducts Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Classification: A Preliminary Feature-Based Study 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Classification Algorithm 2.1 Tumor Segmentation 2.2 Feature Extraction 2.3 Feature Selection 3 Performance Evaluation 3.1 Patients Dataset 3.2 Classification Procedure and Results 4 Conclusions References A Review on Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis: Automated MRI Image Analysis for the Prediction of Primary Cancer Using Radiomics 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Image Preprocessing and Brain Metastasis Segmentation 2.2 Prediction of Brain Metastasis: Breast Cancer Origin 3 Discussion References An Adaptive Semi-automated Integrated System for Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation in Longitudinal MRI Scans Based on a Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Acquisition of Brain MRI Images 2.2 Image Pre-processing 2.3 CNN Model Architecture (U-Net) 2.4 Image Post-processing 2.5 Proposed CNN System 2.6 Software Implementation 2.7 Evaluation Metrics 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Manual and Semi-automated Lesions Segmentation on Brain MRI Images 3.2 Evaluation of the Proposed System 4 Discussion 5 Concluding Remarks References A Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Integrated System for Brain Multiple Sclerosis Lesions 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Acquisition of Brain MRI Images 2.2 MRI MS Lesion Preprocessing and Semi-automated Segmentation 2.3 Image Normalization and Contour Lesion Generation 2.4 3D Lesion Volume Estimation 2.5 3D Reconstruction 2.6 Evaluation Metrics 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions and Future Trends References Rule Extraction in the Assessment of Brain MRI Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis: Preliminary Findings 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Group and MRI Acquisition 2.2 Intensity Normalization and Manual Lesion Delineation 2.3 Texture Feature Extraction 2.4 Classification Analysis 2.5 Rule Extraction 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Invariant Moments, Textural and Deep Features for Diagnostic MR and CT Image Retrieval 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Our Image Retrieval System 3.1 Feature Extraction 3.2 Feature Selection 3.3 Image Ranking 4 Experimental Evaluation 4.1 Data Sets 4.2 Experimental Setup 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Toward Multiwavelet Haar-Schauder Entropy for Biomedical Signal Reconstruction 1 Introduction 2 HSCH Multiwavelet Modeling and Associated Entropy 3 Experimentations 3.1 Biosignal Reconstruction 3.2 Multiwavelet Entropy 4 Conclusion References Machine Learning Handling Missing Observations with an RNN-based Prediction-Update Cycle 1 Introduction and Related Work 2 RNN-based Prediction-Update-Cycle 3 Data Generation and Evaluation 4 Conclusion References eGAN: Unsupervised Approach to Class Imbalance Using Transfer Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology and Experimental Design 3.1 Addressing Class Imbalance with eGAN 3.2 Selection of Pre-trained Image Classification Weights 3.3 Dataset 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Imbalance Ratios 5 Conclusion References Progressive Contextual Excitation for Smart Farming Application 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Method 3.1 Feature Extraction 3.2 Progressive Contextual Excitation 4 Experiments 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Implementation Details 4.3 Comparison with Other Approaches 4.4 Visualization 5 Conclusion References Fine-Grained Image Classification for Pollen Grain Microscope Images 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Method and Materials 3.1 CutOcclusion: Training Data Augmentation 3.2 Pipeline 3.3 Test Time Augmentation. 4 Dataset 5 Experiments 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusions 8 Future Works References Adaptive Style Transfer Using SISR 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Scheme 3.1 SISR Network 3.2 Style Transfer Network 3.3 Loss Function 4 Experiments 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Results 4.3 Conclusion References Object-Centric Anomaly Detection Using Memory Augmentation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Reconstruction, Prediction and Hybrid Approaches 2.2 Memory Augmentation 2.3 Object-Centric Anomaly Detection 3 ObjMemAE Method 3.1 Object Detection 3.2 Autoencoder: Encoder - Memory Module - Decoder 3.3 Anomaly Score 4 Experiments 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Evaluation Metric 4.3 Implementation Details 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Quantitative Results 5.2 Ablation Study 5.3 Qualitative Results 6 Conclusion References Document Language Classification: Hierarchical Model with Deep Learning Approach 1 Introduction 1.1 Literature Review 2 Proposed Approach 2.1 Preprocessing 2.2 Convolutional Neural Network Model 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Performance of the Proposed Approach 4 Conclusion References Parsing Digitized Vietnamese Paper Documents 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Existing Datasets 2.2 Parsing Digitized Paper Documents Problem 3 UIT-DODV Dataset 3.1 Dataset Collection 3.2 Category Selection 3.3 Dataset Description 4 Computational Model 4.1 Object Detector 4.2 Loss Function 5 Experimental Results and Discussion 5.1 Experimental Setting 5.2 Analysis Results 6 Conclusion and Future Work References EnGraf-Net: Multiple Granularity Branch Network with Fine-Coarse Graft Grained for Classification Task 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Methodology 2.1 Network Architecture 2.2 Loss Functions 3 Experiments 3.1 Results 3.2 Visualization Analysis 4 Conclusions References When Deep Learners Change Their Mind: Learning Dynamics for Active Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Active Learning for Image Classification 3.1 Label-Dispersion Acquisition Function 3.2 Informativeness Analysis 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Results 5 Conclusion References Learning to Navigate in the Gaussian Mixture Surface 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Gaussian Mixture Models 4 Gaussian Mixture Centers Loss 4.1 Scheme 5 Experiments 5.1 Datasets and Implementation Details 5.2 Ablation Experiments 5.3 Visualization Analysis 6 Conclusions References A Deep Hybrid Approach for Hate Speech Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Dataset Description and Construction 2.2 Proposed Model Architecture and Experimental Setup 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References On Improving Generalization of CNN-Based Image Classification with Delineation Maps Using the CORF Push-Pull Inhibition Operator 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methods 3.1 Overview 3.2 CORF Operator with Push-Pull Inhibition 3.3 AlexNet 3.4 Image Perturbations 4 Experiments and Results 4.1 Data Set 4.2 Experiments 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Fast Hand Detection in Collaborative Learning Environments 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Hand Detection Method 2.2 Optimal Data Augmentation 3 Results 3.1 Results for Optimal Data Augmentation 3.2 Hand Detection Results 4 Conclusion References Assessing the Role of Boundary-Level Objectives in Indoor Semantic Segmentation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Method 3.1 Boundary Loss 3.2 Active Boundary Loss 4 Experiments 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Implementation Details and Evaluation Protocol 4.3 Quantitative Evaluation 5 Conclusion References Skin Lesion Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Multi-Features Extraction 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology and Materials 3.1 PH2 Dataset 3.2 Convolutional Neural Networks 3.3 Classifiers 3.4 Evaluation Metrics 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Recursively Refined R-CNN: Instance Segmentation with Self-RoI Rebalancing 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Recursively Refined R-CNN 4 Experiments 4.1 Dataset and Evaluation Metrics 4.2 Implementation Details 4.3 Analysis of R3-CNN 4.4 Ablation Study on the Evaluation Phase 4.5 Ablation Study on the Training Phase 4.6 Extensions on R3-CNN 5 Conclusions References Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation Based Sample Condensation for Kernel Machines 1 Introduction 2 Kernel Machines 3 Sample Condensation Method 3.1 LRP for Relevance Measure of Kernel Machine 3.2 Relevance-Based Sample Condensation 4 Experimental Validation 4.1 Data Sets 4.2 Results 5 Conclusion References Author Index