The Land Question in China: Agrarian Capitalism, Industrious Revolution, and East Asian Development

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Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of illustrations Figures Tables Preface Introduction Industrious revolution, agrarian capitalism, and argument of the book State, market, and community: conditions for an industrious revolution The East Asian development path and Chinese experience Notes Part I: Historical perspective Chapter 1: The Ming–Qing transition, land, and China’s first industrious revolution Changing status of smallholders: 1550–1800 Expanding serfdom and elite power in the late Ming dynasty Land relations and the market in the eighteenth century 1.2 The role of the Qing state Political will State capacity Supportive policies for smallholders The unraveling and legacy of China’s first industrious revolution Notes Chapter 2: Socialism, market reform, and the long road to the second industrious revolution Land reform, collectivization, and market reform Rural industry in Wujin: 1949–90 Agriculture and environment in Aohan Socialism and the industrious revolution Socialist developmental state Cadres and collective organizations Market, community, and the importance of land Community-based market dynamics Land rights and small-scale farming Notes Part II: Undermining forces Chapter 3: Urban bias and rural crisis: The land question beyond the countryside Impacts of urban bias on rural areas in the hinterland Growing taxes and fees Insufficient infrastructure investment Drying up of rural credit Marketization of education and health care Underuse of farmland and rise of a migration-dependent economy From privatization to land expropriation: rural enterprises in Wujin Urbanization, landless peasants, and land struggles Notes Chapter 4: The rise of agrarian capitalism and the future of the industrious revolution Agricultural modernization and the problematization of “small” Grain security: the Sword of Damocles Building the new socialist countryside, but for whom? Land transfer and the discourse of “who will cultivate the land?” The rise of agrarian capitalism and the future of the industrious revolution Notes Part III: Comparative perspective Chapter 5: South Africa in comparison: Dispossession, agrarian capitalism, and struggles for land Successive dispossessions: colonialism, segregation, and apartheid Agrarian capitalism and the surplus population Struggles for land: land reform, precarious livelihood, and protest Conclusion: the land question in South Africa and China Notes Chapter 6: Land, welfare, and the East Asian development path revisited Agrarian reform and industrial transformation Economic slowdown and the rising precarity The productivist welfare regime and the crisis of welfare Land, welfare, and livelihood security China and East Asian development Notes Conclusion The Chinese land question in world-historical perspective Multifunctionality of land and varieties of industrious revolution Rural revitalization: a new East Asian development path? Appendix: List of key land policy documents since the market reform Rural land policy documents Urban land policy documents References Index