The New Science of Geology: Studies in the Earth Sciences in the Age of Revolution

Description

The science of geology was constructed in the decades around 1800 from earlier practices that had been significantly different in their cognitive goals. In the studies collected here Martin Rudwick traces how it came to be recognised as a new kind of natural science, because it was constituted around the idea that the natural world had its own history. The earth had to be understood not only in relation to unchanging natural laws that could be observed in action in the present, but also in terms of a pre-human past that could be reliably known, even if not directly observable and its traces only fragmentarily preserved. In contrast to this radically novel sense of nature's own contingent history, the earth's unimaginably vast timescale was already taken for granted by many naturalists (though not yet by the wider public), and the concurrent development of biblical scholarship precluded any significant sense of conflict with religious tradition. A companion volume, Lyell and Darwin, Geologists: Studies in the Earth Sciences in the Age of Reform, was published in 2005. Cover Series Half Title Title Copyright Contents Introduction Notes on the articles Bibliography Acknowledgements EARTH-HISTORY AND THE HISTORY OF GEOLOGY I Geologists’ time: a brief history II The shape and meaning of earth history III Minerals, strata and fossils IV The emergence of a new science V The emergence of a visual language for geological science 1760-1840 CUVIER AND EARTH-HISTORY VI Jean-André de Luc and nature’s chronology VII Cuvier and Brongniart, William Smith, and the reconstruction of geohistory VIII Researches on Fossil Bones: Georges Cuvier and the collecting of international allies IX Georges Cuvier’s paper museum of fossil bones GEOLOGY IN THE AGE OF LYELL X Encounters with Adam, or at least the hyaenas: nineteenth-century visual representations of the deep past XI A year in the life of Adam Sedgwick and company, geologists XII Travel, travel, travel: geological fieldwork in the 1830s XIII The group construction of scientific knowledge: gentlemen-specialists and the Devonian controversy XIV The glacial theory Index